一.配置简单的嵌入式tomcat和jetty

我们写了一个web应用,打成war包后,就需要找一个server来部署.对于我们的实际应用,我们基本没必要自己再写一个嵌入式的server.接下来两篇文章只是以钻研的心态来学习一下嵌入式tomcat和jetty. 促使我去写这篇文章是因为在我看来,gretty不完美,无论用tomcat还是jetty,修改类之后,reload几次内存占用高涨,硬盘读写频繁,最终感到无奈(应用存在内存不正确释放,或许我使用的方式不对).
我选用了<<gradle的war插件>>简单开发的web应用,此例主要开发框架:springmvc(java config方式)+spring data jpa(jpa由hibernate实现)+mysql,开发IDE工具:idea13.1,项目管理工具:gradle,源码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/xiejx618/7696821 一.war包配置的嵌入式tomcat例子. 1.运行一下war任务,对这个web应用打成war包.然后再解压一下这个包.

2.再新建一个gradle项目

a.build.gradle

1. apply plugin: 'java'
2. sourceCompatibility = 1.6
3. version = '1.0'
4. repositories {
5. mavenCentral()
6. }
7. dependencies {
8. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:8.0.9")
9. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.0.9")
10. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:8.0.9")
11. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-log4j:8.0.9")
12. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.0.9")
13. compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.0.9")
14. compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")
15. }

apply plugin: 'java'
sourceCompatibility = 1.6
version = '1.0'
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-jasper:8.0.9")
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core:8.0.9")
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-juli:8.0.9")
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-logging-log4j:8.0.9")
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-el:8.0.9")
    compile("org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-websocket:8.0.9")
    compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")
}

compile("org.eclipse.jdt.core.compiler:ecj:4.4")相当重要,没有此jar包,类加载器就没有加载部分类的字节码,我多次调试才找到问题. 当然,也可以建一个java工程,到http://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi下载Binary Distributions的Embedded包(下载地址:http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.9/bin/embed/apache-tomcat-8.0.9-embed.zip),把里面的所有jar包加到工程的Libraries就可以了. b.新建一个含有main方法的可执行类(此类的编写参考了Aleksa Vukotic James Goodwill写的<<Apache Tomcat 7>>CHAPTER9 Embedding Tomcat).

1. import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
2. import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;
3. import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;
4. import org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory;
5. import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
6. import javax.servlet.ServletException;
7. /**
8. * Created by nil on 2014/8/1.
9. */
10. public class EmbeddedTomcat {
11. private Tomcat tomcat;
12. private void startTomcat(int port,String contextPath,String baseDir) throws ServletException, LifecycleException {
13. tomcat = new Tomcat();
14. tomcat.setPort(port);
15. tomcat.setBaseDir(".");
16. StandardServer server = (StandardServer) tomcat.getServer();
17. AprLifecycleListener listener = new AprLifecycleListener();
18. server.addLifecycleListener(listener);
19. tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, baseDir);
20. tomcat.start();
21. }
22. private void stopTomcat() throws LifecycleException {
23. tomcat.stop();
24. }
25. public static void main(String[] args) {
26. try {
27. int port=8080;
28. String contextPath = "/test";
29. String baseDir = "C:/Users/nil/AppData/Local/Temp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-1.0.war-_test-any-8966644989981380511.dir/webapp";
30. EmbeddedTomcat tomcat = new EmbeddedTomcat();
31. tomcat.startTomcat(port, contextPath, baseDir);
32. //由于Tomcat的start方法为非阻塞方法,加一个线程睡眠模拟线程阻塞.
33. Thread.sleep(10000000);
34. } catch (Exception e) {
35. e.printStackTrace();
36. }
37. }
38. }

import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.ClassLoaderFactory;
import org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
/**
 * Created by nil on 2014/8/1.
 */
public class EmbeddedTomcat {
    private Tomcat tomcat;
    private void startTomcat(int port,String contextPath,String baseDir) throws ServletException, LifecycleException {
        tomcat = new Tomcat();
        tomcat.setPort(port);
        tomcat.setBaseDir(".");
        StandardServer server = (StandardServer) tomcat.getServer();
        AprLifecycleListener listener = new AprLifecycleListener();
        server.addLifecycleListener(listener);
        tomcat.addWebapp(contextPath, baseDir);
        tomcat.start();
    }
    private void stopTomcat() throws LifecycleException {
        tomcat.stop();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            int port=8080;
            String contextPath = "/test";
            String baseDir = "C:/Users/nil/AppData/Local/Temp/jetty-0.0.0.0-8080-test-1.0.war-_test-any-8966644989981380511.dir/webapp";
            EmbeddedTomcat tomcat = new EmbeddedTomcat();
            tomcat.startTomcat(port, contextPath, baseDir);
            //由于Tomcat的start方法为非阻塞方法,加一个线程睡眠模拟线程阻塞.
            Thread.sleep(10000000);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

其中baseDir为前面war解压的路径,另两个参数port和contextPath是容易理解的. c.运行一下main方法,就可以通过浏览器来访问这个web应用了.

二.war包配置的嵌入式jetty例子. 1.运行一下war任务,对这个web应用打成war包. 2.再新建一个gradle项目. a.build.gradle

1. apply plugin: 'java'
2. sourceCompatibility = 1.6
3. version = '1.0'
4. repositories {
5. mavenCentral()
6. }
7. dependencies {
8. compile("org.eclipse.jetty:example-jetty-embedded:9.2.1.v20140609")
9. compile("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jsp:9.2.1.v20140609")
10. }

apply plugin: 'java'
sourceCompatibility = 1.6
version = '1.0'
repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
    compile("org.eclipse.jetty:example-jetty-embedded:9.2.1.v20140609")
    compile("org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jsp:9.2.1.v20140609")
}

b.新建一个含有main方法的可执行类(此类的编写主要参考jetty官方文档:http://www.eclipse.org/jetty/documentation/current/using-annotations-embedded.html).

1. import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
2. import org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.*;
3. /**
4. * Created by nil on 2014/8/2.
5. */
6. public class Main {
7. //Create a WebApp
8. private static WebAppContext getWebAppContext(){
9. WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();
10. webapp.setContextPath("/");
11. webapp.setWar("E:/idea/test/build/libs/test-1.0.war");
12. return webapp;
13. }
14. public static void appStart() throws Exception {
15. Server server = new Server(8080);
16. //Enable parsing of jndi-related parts of web.xml and jetty-env.xml
17. org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList classlist = org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList.setServerDefault(server);
18. classlist.addAfter("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration");
19. classlist.addBefore("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration");
20. //get a WebAppContext
21. server.setHandler(getWebAppContext());
22. server.start();
23. server.join();
24. }
25. public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
26. appStart();
27. }
28. }

import org.eclipse.jetty.server.Server;
import org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.*;
/**
 * Created by nil on 2014/8/2.
 */
public class Main {
    //Create a WebApp
    private static WebAppContext getWebAppContext(){
        WebAppContext webapp = new WebAppContext();
        webapp.setContextPath("/");
        webapp.setWar("E:/idea/test/build/libs/test-1.0.war");
        return webapp;
    }
    public static void appStart() throws Exception {
        Server server = new Server(8080);
        //Enable parsing of jndi-related parts of web.xml and jetty-env.xml
        org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList classlist = org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.Configuration.ClassList.setServerDefault(server);
        classlist.addAfter("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.FragmentConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.EnvConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.plus.webapp.PlusConfiguration");
        classlist.addBefore("org.eclipse.jetty.webapp.JettyWebXmlConfiguration", "org.eclipse.jetty.annotations.AnnotationConfiguration");
        //get a WebAppContext
        server.setHandler(getWebAppContext());
        server.start();
        server.join();
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        appStart();
    }
}

appStart方法内第3-5行是为了支持servlet3特性.其中上面的setWar这里就是上面打包的war包路径. c.运行一下main方法,就可以通过浏览器来访问这个web应用了.