题意:

  用迭代法输出一棵二叉树的后序遍历结果。

思路:

  (1)用两个栈,一个存指针,一个存标记,表示该指针当前已经访问过哪些孩子了。

 /**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int> ans;
if(root==NULL) return ans; stack<TreeNode*> stac1; stac1.push(root);
stack<int> stac2; stac2.push(-);//表示哪个孩子已经被遍历,-1表示其孩子未被遍历 while(!stac2.empty())
{
TreeNode *top=stac1.top();
int &dir=stac2.top();
if(dir<)
{
if(dir==- && top->left)
{
stac1.push(top->left);
dir=;
stac2.push(-);
}
else if(top->right)
{
stac1.push(top->right);
dir=;
stac2.push(-);
}
else dir=;
}
else
{
ans.push_back(top->val);
stac2.pop();
stac1.pop();
}
}
}
};

AC代码

  (2)用一个栈,模拟逆过程,先输出根,再输出右子树,再输出左子树,最后将输出结果反置即可。这样的好处就是不需要记录根节点了,这和层次遍历的过程差不多。

/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
vector<int> ans;
if(root==NULL) return ans; stack<TreeNode*> stac;
stac.push(root); while(!stac.empty())
{
TreeNode *top=stac.top();
ans.push_back(top->val);
stac.pop();
if(top->left) stac.push(top->left);
if(top->right) stac.push(top->right);
}
reverse(ans.begin(),ans.end());
}
};

AC代码

  

  (3)O(1)的空间,依然O(n)的复杂度。待写。。。。

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