sqlplus连接oracle失败分析和解决

背景：

　　多台Linux服务器需要安装Oracle客户端，实现和Oracle数据库连接做业务处理。

　　安装完第一台后，直接将安装的目录压缩并复制到其他几台机器上，启动sqlplus连接数据库时，一直提示输入用户名和密码。

[xxxxxxx]$ sqlplus user/pass@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Feb 5 10:56:38 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified

Enter user-name: user
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist

Enter user-name: user
Enter password:

使用strace跟踪发现有错误ORA-21561: OID generation failed输出。

　　strace sqlplus user/pass@orcl

close(5)                                = 0
write(1, "ERROR:\n", 7ERROR:
)                 = 7
write(1, "ORA-21561: OID generation failed"..., 33ORA-21561: OID generation failed
) = 33
write(1, "\n", 1
)                       = 1
write(1, "\n", 1
)                       = 1
write(1, "Enter user-name: ", 17Enter user-name: )       = 17
fstat(0, {st_mode=S_IFCHR|0620, st_rdev=makedev(136, 1), ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7feaa51c9000
read(0, ^C <unfinished ...>

出现错误ORA-21561: OID generation failed的原因是主机名和hosts文件中的主机名不一致导致。

解决方法：

使用命令hostname 查询机器的主机名

[xxxxx]$ hostname
billingserver001

修改/etc/hosts文件，将主机名加入到hosts文件中。

[xxxxx]$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.1.2     billingserver001

重新用sqlplus user/pass@orcl连接数据库，连接成功。

[xxxxx]$ sqlplus user/pass@orcl

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Feb 5 11:05:57 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

Done.