LINUX下安装PHP（CGI模式）和NGINX[转]

安装所需依赖

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

下载源码包

wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz 
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz 
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz 
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz

安装MYSQL

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --without-debug --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=gbk,gb2312,utf8 --with-unix-socket-path=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg --with-client-ldflags=-all-static --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --with-big-tables --with-read-line --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client --enable-local-infile --enable-assembler

make

make install

安装依赖包

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz 
cd libiconv-1.13.1/ 
./configure --prefix=/usr/local 
make 
make install 
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
/sbin/ldconfig 
cd libltdl/ 
./configure --enable-ltdl-install 
make 
make install 
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz 
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz 
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ 
./configure 
make 
make install 
cd ../

安装PHP（Fast CGI）模式

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz 
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1 
cd php-5.2.13/

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap

make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv' 
make install 
cp ./php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 
cd ../

安装PHP扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz 
cd memcache-2.2.5/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install 
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2 
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make 
make install 
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz 
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/ 
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql 
make 
make install 
cd ../

将/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini 中的 extension_dir 值更改为 "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 
在其后增加 
extension = "memcache.so" 
extension = "pdo_mysql.so" 
在修改修改为 output_buffering 值为 on

配置eaccelerator加速

cd /var 
mkdir eaccelerator_cache 
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

按SHIFT + G到行尾，加入配置信息

[eaccelerator] 
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" 
eaccelerator.shm_size="64" 
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/var/eaccelerator_cache" 
eaccelerator.enable="1" 
eaccelerator.optimizer="1" 
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" 
eaccelerator.debug="0" 
eaccelerator.filter="" 
eaccelerator.shm_max="0" 
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" 
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" 
eaccelerator.shm_only="0" 
eaccelerator.compress="1" 
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

创建WWW用户

groupadd www 
useradd -g www www

创建php-fpm管理补丁(php-fpm是fastcgi的管理补丁，通过它可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi

cd /usr/local/php/etc 
rm ./php-fpm.conf 
vi ./php-fpm.conf

<?xml version="1.0" ?> 
<configuration>

All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

<section name="global_options">

Pid file 
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

Error log file 
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

Log level 
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>

When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ... 
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated. 
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory. 
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master 
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

Set to 'no' to debug fpm 
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

</section>

<workers>

<section name="pool">

Name of pool. Used in logs and stats. 
      <value name="name">default</value>

Address to accept fastcgi requests on. 
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket' 
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

<value name="listen_options">

Set listen(2) backlog 
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>

Set permissions for unix socket, if one used. 
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server. 
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions. 
        <value name="owner"></value> 
        <value name="group"></value> 
        <value name="mode">0666</value> 
      </value>

Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers. 
      <value name="php_defines"> 
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value> 
        <value name="display_errors">0</value> 
      </value>

Unix user of processes 
      <value name="user">www</value>

Unix group of processes 
      <value name="group">www</value>

Process manager settings 
      <value name="pm">

Sets style of controling worker process count. 
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like' 
        <value name="style">static</value>

Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served. 
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive. 
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi 
        Used with any pm_style. 
        <value name="max_children">128</value>

Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style 
        <value name="apache_like">

Sets the number of server processes created on startup. 
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>

Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes. 
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes. 
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected 
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

</value>

</value>

The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated 
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason 
      '0s' means 'off' 
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>

The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file 
      '0s' means 'off' 
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>

The log file for slow requests 
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>

Set open file desc rlimit 
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>

Set max core size rlimit 
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path 
      <value name="chroot"></value>

Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path 
      <value name="chdir"></value>

Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log. 
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs 
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

How much requests each process should execute before respawn. 
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries. 
      For endless request processing please specify 0 
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>

Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect. 
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+) 
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket. 
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment 
      <value name="environment"> 
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value> 
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value> 
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value> 
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value> 
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value> 
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value> 
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value> 
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value> 
      </value>

</section>

</workers>

</configuration>

<value name="display_errors">0</value>改为1，则显示报错信息，默认为500错误 
<value name="max_children">128</value>这里更改php-cgi进程数

启动进程

ulimit -SHn 65535 
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

注  ：/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数 
包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。

开始安装NGINX 
先安装pcre库

tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz 
cd pcre-8.01 
./configure 
make 
make install

安装NGINX

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65 
cd nginx-0.7.65 
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module

make

make install

创建NGINX配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf 
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

将以下配置加入其中

user www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. 
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events 
{ 
  use epoll; 
  worker_connections 65535; 
}

http 
{ 
  include mime.types; 
  default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312; 
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; 
  client_header_buffer_size 32k; 
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; 
  client_max_body_size 8m; 
      
  sendfile on; 
  tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; 
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300; 
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300; 
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; 
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; 
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; 
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on; 
  gzip_min_length 1k; 
  gzip_buffers 4 16k; 
  gzip_http_version 1.0; 
  gzip_comp_level 2; 
  gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; 
  gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server 
  { 
    listen 80; 
    server_name blog.test.com; 
    index index.html index.htm index.php; 
    root /var/html/blog;

#limit_conn crawler 20; 
                            
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ 
    { 
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 
      fastcgi_index index.php; 
      include fcgi.conf; 
    } 
    
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ 
    { 
      expires 30d; 
    }

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ 
    { 
      expires 1h; 
    }

log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; 
    access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log access; 
      }

server 
  { 
    listen 80; 
    server_name www.test.com; 
    index index.html index.htm index.php; 
    root /var/html/www;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ 
    { 
      #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; 
      fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 
      fastcgi_index index.php; 
      include fcgi.conf; 
    }

log_format wwwlogs '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; 
    access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/wwwlogs.log wwwlogs; 
  }

server 
  { 
    listen 80; 
    server_name status.test.com;

location / { 
    stub_status on; 
    access_log off; 
    } 
  } 
}

在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; 
fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx;

fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; 
fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; 
fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; 
fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; 
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; 
fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; 
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; 
fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; 
fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; 
fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; 
fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; 
fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; 
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect 
fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200;

启动NGINX

ulimit -SHn 65535 
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

设置开机启动NGINX

vi /etc/rc.local

加入命令：

ulimit -SHn 65535 
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start 
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

完毕~！