Spring FrameWork4(MVC + IOC)高速入门实例

1. 使用Maven创建project并配置依赖项

首先创建一个Maven Project：

然后选择创建Maven 的webapp实例，当然也能够通过命令行方式创建Maven webapp的项目再转化并导入到MyEclipse中。

在pom.xml中须要对于Spring依赖项进行配置：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>wx.spring</groupId>
	<artifactId>wx.spring.helloworld</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>wx.spring.helloworld Maven Webapp</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<build>
		<finalName>wx.spring.helloworld</finalName>
	</build>
	<properties>
		<spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Spring dependencies -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

2.框架配置（Spring MVC）

在本演示样例代码中，对于Spring MVC架构採取xml配置的方式，而对于IOC操作，採取Java Based Annotated方式。

l web.xml

web.xml是整个项目的整体配置文件，在该文件里须要制定项目Servlet的匹配方式以及整个项目的上下文的配置文件。在该web.xml文件里配置了一个Servlet，该Servlet是Spring MVC所须要的。而假设须要在Struts等其它框架中使用Spring，就须要声明一个listener。换言之，dispatcher-servlet与applicationContext是应用于不同场景的同样的配置文件。

<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee

http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

<servlet>

<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>

org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

</servlet-class>

<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<context-param>

<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>

</context-param>

<listener>

<listener-class>

org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

</listener-class>

</listener>

</web-app>

2 dispatcher-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="wx.spring.helloworld.controller" />

<bean

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="prefix">

<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>

</property>

<property name="suffix">

<value>.jsp</value>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

3 applicationContext.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<context:component-scan base-package="wx.spring.helloworld.controller" />

<bean

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">

<property name="prefix">

<value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>

</property>

<property name="suffix">

<value>.jsp</value>

</property>

</bean>

</beans>

3.代码

1 HelloWorldController

package wx.spring.helloworld.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.ui.Model;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

@Controller

public class HelloWorldController {

@RequestMapping("/hello")

public String hello(

@RequestParam(value = "name", required = false, defaultValue = "World") String name,

Model model) {

model.addAttribute("name", name);

return "helloworld";

}

}

2 /WEB-INF/views/helloworld.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>Spring4 MVC -HelloWorld</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Hello : ${name}</h1>

</body>

</html>

3 MessagePrinter.java：服务接口类，详细的功能实现依赖于MessageService接口。

该类中的MessageService成员，会在执行时由Spring自己主动注入，而不须要自身初始化。

package wx.spring.helloworld.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component

public class MessagePrinter {

private MessageService service;

@Autowired

public void setMessageService(MessageService service) {

this.service = service;

}

public void printMessage() {

System.out.println(this.service.getMessage());

}

}

4 MessageService：接口类

package wx.spring.helloworld.bean;

public interface MessageService {

String getMessage();

}

5 MyConfiguration：配置类

package wx.spring.helloworld.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import wx.spring.helloworld.bean.MessagePrinter;

import wx.spring.helloworld.bean.MessageService;

@Configuration

@ComponentScan(value="wx.spring.helloworld.test")

public class MyConfiguration {

@Bean

MessageService getMessageService() {

return new MessageService() {

public String getMessage() {

return "Hello World!IOC&DI";

}

};

}

@Bean

MessagePrinter getMessagePrinter(){

return new MessagePrinter();

}

}

6 Application

package wx.spring.helloworld.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;

import wx.spring.helloworld.bean.MessagePrinter;

import wx.spring.helloworld.bean.MessageService;

import wx.spring.helloworld.config.MyConfiguration;

public class Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ApplicationContext context =

new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(MyConfiguration.class);

MessagePrinter printer = context.getBean(MessagePrinter.class);

printer.printMessage();

}

}

5.执行

首先执行mvn package命令将整个项目打包，然后右击选择在Tomcat中执行。最好设置下文件编译的输出：

项目直接执行时，显示的是MVC的结果：

直接执行Main Application：