A * B Problem Plus

题目链接:http://acm.split.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=1402

FFT

(FFT的详细证明参见算法导论第三十章)

一个多项式有两种表达方式:

1.系数表示法,系数表示的多项式相乘,时间复杂度为O(n^2);

2.点值表示法,点值表示的多项式相乘,时间复杂度为O(n).

简单的说,FFT能办到的就是将系数表示的多项式转化为点值表示,其时间复杂度为O(nlgn),而将点值表示的多项式转化为系数表示需要IFFT(FFT的逆运算),其形式与FFT相似,时间复杂度也为O(nlgn).

这道题需要用FFT将两个大数转化为点值表示,相乘后再用IFFT将点值表示转化回系数表示,总时间复杂度为O(nlgn).

代码如下:

 #include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cstring>
#include<iostream>
#define N 200005
using namespace std;
const double pi=acos(-1.0);
struct Complex{
double r,i;
Complex(double r=,double i=):r(r),i(i){};
Complex operator + (const Complex &rhs){
return Complex(r+rhs.r,i+rhs.i);
}
Complex operator - (const Complex &rhs){
return Complex(r-rhs.r,i-rhs.i);
}
Complex operator * (const Complex &rhs){
return Complex(r*rhs.r-i*rhs.i,i*rhs.r+r*rhs.i);
}
}a[N],b[N],c[N];
char s1[N],s2[N];
int ans[N],n1,n2,len;
inline void sincos(double theta,double &p0,double &p1){
p0=sin(theta);
p1=cos(theta);
}
void FFT(Complex P[], int n, int oper){
for(int i=,j=;i<n-;i++){
for(int s=n;j^=s>>=,~j&s;);
if(i<j)swap(P[i],P[j]);
}
Complex unit_p0;
for(int d=;(<<d)<n;d++){
int m=<<d,m2=m*;
double p0=pi/m*oper;
sincos(p0,unit_p0.i,unit_p0.r);
for(int i=;i<n;i+=m2){
Complex unit=;
for(int j=;j<m;j++){
Complex &P1=P[i+j+m],&P2=P[i+j];
Complex t=unit*P1;
P1=P2-t;
P2=P2+t;
unit=unit*unit_p0;
}
}
}
if(oper==-)for(int i=;i<len;i++)P[i].r/=len;
}
void Conv(Complex a[],Complex b[],int len){//求卷积
FFT(a,len,);//FFT
FFT(b,len,);//FFT
for(int i=;i<len;++i)c[i]=a[i]*b[i];
FFT(c,len,-);//IFFT
}
void init(char *s1,char *s2){
len=;
n1=strlen(s1),n2=strlen(s2);
while(len<*n1||len<*n2)len<<=;
int idx;
for(idx=;idx<n1;++idx){
a[idx].r=s1[n1--idx]-'';
a[idx].i=;
}
while(idx<len){
a[idx].r=a[idx].i=;
idx++;
}
for(idx=;idx<n2;++idx){
b[idx].r=s2[n2--idx]-'';
b[idx].i=;
}
while(idx<len){
b[idx].r=b[idx].i=;
idx++;
}
}
int main(void){
while(scanf("%s%s",s1,s2)==){
init(s1,s2);
Conv(a,b,len);
for(int i=;i<len+len;++i)ans[i]=;//93ms
//memset(ans,0,sizeof(ans));//140ms
int index;
for(index=;index<len||ans[index];++index){
ans[index]+=(c[index].r+0.5);
ans[index+]+=(ans[index]/);
ans[index]%=;
}
while(index>&&!ans[index])index--;
for(;index>=;--index)printf("%d",ans[index]);
printf("\n");
}
}

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