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You are climbing a stair case. It takes n steps to reach to the top.

Each time you can either climb 1 or 2 steps. In how many distinct ways can you climb to the top?

非常easy的思路。由于一次能够走1~2步,所以到达第n级能够从第n-1级,也能够从第n-2级。

设到达第n级的方法有s(n)种,s(n)=s(n-1)+s(n-2)

一開始准备用递归做。代码例如以下:

class Solution:
# @param n, an integer
# @return an integer
def climbStairs(self, n):
if n<=2:
return n
else:
return self.climbStairs(n-1)+self.climbStairs(n-2)

结果在n=35的时候TLE了。这进一步说明递归的算法效率比較低,但从思路上比較简单明了。

于是,转向迭代了,代码例如以下:

class Solution:
# @param n, an integer
# @return an integer
def climbStairs(self, n):
if n<=1:
return n
else:
s=[0 for i in range(n)]
s[0]=1 #到达第1级
s[1]=2 #到达第2级
for i in range(2,n):
s[i]=s[i-1]+s[i-2]
return s[n-1] #到达第n级

在此引入一个数组s,记录到达第n级的方法,然实际要求的返回值是s[n],数组s中的前n-1项存储值是多余的。

于是进行改进。设s1为走一步到达方法数。s2为走两步到达的方法数。那么到达第n级台阶时,s(n)=s1+s2,当中s1=s(n-1),s2=s(n-2);到达第n+1级台阶时。s(n+1)=s1+s2,当中s1=s(n)=上一步的s1+s2, s2=s(n-1)=上一步的s1,所以仅仅须要记录s1和s2的值。无需记录n个值

class Solution:
# @param n, an integer
# @return an integer
def climbStairs(self, n):
if n<=1:
return n
else:
s1=1
s2=1
for i in range(1,n):
s=s1+s2
s2=s1
s1=s
return s

这应该是比較简单的方法了。受教了。

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