进程池、tornado、字体

协程：

 

import grequests

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

 

urls=[f'http://bir删d.so/search?page={page}&q=Python' for page in range(1,9)]

 

tasks=[grequests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}) for url in urls]

grequests.map(tasks)

 

# import time,requests

# st=time.time()

# tasks=[requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}) for url in urls]

# print(time.time()-st)

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多线程：同时执行多种主函数，或同1种主函数执行pages实参次

 

import time

from threading import Thread

 

def func1(m,n):

    print(m);time.sleep(4)

    print(m+n);time.sleep(1)

 

def func2(x=666):

    print(x);time.sleep(2)

    print('end of func2')

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    Thread(target=func1,args=('中','外')).start()

    Thread(target=func2,args=('story',)).start()

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线程池：

 

import threadpool

import requests,time

start_time=time.time()

 

def func(url):

    r=requests.get(url=url)

 

#线程池的方法makeRequests，类似于进程池的map

reqs=threadpool.makeRequests(func,['http://www.qq.com' for x in range(50)])

p=threadpool.ThreadPool(9)

[p.putRequest(x) for x in reqs]

p.wait()

print(f'用时：{time.time() - start_time}秒')

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进程池：

 

from itertools import repeat

import requests, time

start_time = time.time()

 

def func(url, w='qwert'):

    r=requests.get(url=url)

    print(w)

 

#法1之用多进程库的镜像pathos，它的map的首参函数体可以用lambda，函参可以是多个

from pathos.multiprocessing import ProcessingPool

def main():

    p = ProcessingPool(nodes=8)

    p.map(func, ['http://www.example.com/']*5,['wo']*9)    #*args是各组参数列表

    #result=p.amap(pow, [4, 2, 3], [2, 5, 6]).get()    #list(p.imap(pow, [4, 2, 3], [2, 5, 6]))

 

#法2之使用原生多进程库的starmap方法

#from multiprocessing import Pool

#def main():

#     with Pool(processes=8) as p:    #函参依然在starmap的2参，不过不再局限于单组序列

#         #p.starmap(func,[('http://www.example.com/','wo')]*9)

#         p.starmap(func,zip(['http://www.example.com/']*9,repeat('wo')))

 

if __name__ == '__main__':  # 多进程要有此句，多线程和协程不必

    main()

    print(f'用时：{time.time() - start_time}秒')

 

map()的2参只能是单组序列。另外比如scrapy的item，下例的testUrl，三程一步所执行的首参函数，其用到的各变量得写在函数内，若为全局变量或致半途而废、张冠李戴。

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Egの进程池从西刺代理获取当前可用于目标网站爬虫的各IP：

 

import os,re,time,random,requests,pandas

from pandas import DataFrame as DF

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

from multiprocessing import Pool

 

def csvAddTitle():

    title='国家,IP,端口,归属地,匿名,类型,速度,连接时间,存活时间,验证时间'.split(',')

    DF(columns=title).to_csv(collectedIP,mode='a+',index=False,encoding='gbk')

    DF(columns=title).to_csv('D:/usableIP.csv',mode='a+',index=False,encoding='gbk')

 

def collectingIP():

    #和西刺的标题字段一致；新浪不支持<，发到博客前正则里的<全替换为全角的<

    pattern=re.compile('alt="(Cn)".*?<td>(.*?)<.*?<td>(.*?)<.*?">(.*?)<.*?">(.*?)\

<.*?<td>(.*?)<.*?title="(.*?)".*?title="(.*?)".*?<td>(.*?)<.*?<td>(.*?)<',re.S)

    for page in range(1,9):

        h={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}

        response=requests.get(f'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/{page}',headers=h).text

        rows=pattern.findall(response)

        DF(rows).to_csv(collectedIP,mode='a+',index=False,header=False,encoding='gbk')

 

def testIP(series):

    time.sleep(random.random()/5)

    testUrl='http://www.example.com/'

    h={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}

    ip=f"{series['类型'].lower()}://{series['IP']}:{series['端口']}"

    proxies={ip.split(':')[0]:ip}   #形如{'http':'http://59.110.46.8:4000'}

    try:

        if requests.get(testUrl,headers=h,proxies=proxies,timeout=2).status_code==200:

            print(f'{ip}：在此站当前可用')

            return series.to_frame().T

    except:

        print(f'{ip}：在此站无效')

 

def back(df):

    if not df is None:    #用if df:则报错value of a DataFrame is ambiguous

        df.to_csv('D:/usableIP.csv',mode='a+',index=False,header=False,encoding='gbk')

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    collectedIP='D:/collectedIP.csv'

    if not os.path.isfile(collectedIP):

        csvAddTitle()

        collectingIP()

    #上面是采集若干ip，下面是验证这些ip在目标站点是否可用

    dfのCollect=pandas.read_csv(collectedIP,encoding='gbk')

    p=Pool(4)

    [p.apply_async(testIP,(row[1],),callback=back) for row in dfのCollect.iterrows()]

    p.close()

    p.join()

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Egの进程池抓取meizitu网：

 

import requests,os,re

from multiprocessing import Pool

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

 

noName=r'[\\/:*?"<>|]'

 

def bs(response):

    return BeautifulSoup(response,'lxml')

 

def girlsUrl(indexUrl):

    html=requests.get(indexUrl).text

    soup=bs(html)

    girlsUrl=[x['href'] for x in soup.select('#pins li > a')]

    return girlsUrl

 

def imgsUrl(girlUrl):

    soup=bs(requests.get(girlUrl).text)

    title=soup.select('.main-title')[0].get_text(strip=True)

    title=re.sub(noName,' ',title).strip()

    path=os.path.join('E:/pictures/',title)

    if not os.path.isdir(path):os.makedirs(path)

    os.chdir(path)  #后文保存图片时，就不需再写存放的文件夹了

    num=int(soup.select('.pagenavi span')[-2].get_text(strip=True))

    imgsUrl=[girlUrl+f'/{page}' for page in range(1,num+1)]

    print(title,f'：共{num}张',sep='')

    return imgsUrl

 

def downLoad(jpgUrl):

    soup=bs(requests.get(jpgUrl).text)

    realUrl=soup.select('.main-image img')[0]['src']

    imgName=realUrl.split('/')[-1]

    h={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random,'Referer':jpgUrl}

    imgContent=requests.get(realUrl,headers=h).content

    with open(imgName,'wb') as jpg:

        jpg.write(imgContent)

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    indexUrl='http://www.mzitu.com/'

    for girlUrl in girlsUrl(indexUrl):

        #girlUrl='http://www.mzitu.com/89089'   #若单独下载某人的图集，注释掉上两行

        jpgsUrl=imgsUrl(girlUrl)  #函数imgsUrl在循环内，不要有变量和它同名，以免被覆盖

        p = Pool(8)

        p.map(downLoad,[jpgUrl for jpgUrl in jpgsUrl])

        p.close()

        p.join()

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tornado示例里的一个高效异步爬虫：

 

import time

from datetime import timedelta

from tornado import httpclient,gen,ioloop,queues

import traceback

 

class AsySpider(object):

    """A simple class of asynchronous spider."""

    def __init__(self,urls,concurrency=10,results=None,**kwargs):

        urls.reverse()

        self.urls=urls

        self.concurrency=concurrency

        self._q=queues.Queue()

        self._fetching=set()

        self._fetched=set()

        if results is None:

            self.results=[]

 

    def fetch(self,url,**kwargs):

        fetch=getattr(httpclient.AsyncHTTPClient(),'fetch')

        return fetch(url,raise_error=False,**kwargs)

 

    def handle_html(self,url,html):

        """handle html page"""

        print(url)

 

    def handle_response(self,url,response):

        """inherit and rewrite this method if necessary"""

        if response.code==200:

            self.handle_html(url,response.body)

        elif response.code==599:   # retry

            self._fetching.remove(url)

            self._q.put(url)

 

    @gen.coroutine

    def get_page(self,url):

        try:

            response=yield self.fetch(url)

            #print('######fetched %s' % url)

        except Exception as e:

            print('Exception:%s %s' % (e,url))

            raise gen.Return(e)

        raise gen.Return(response)

 

    @gen.coroutine

    def _run(self):

 

        @gen.coroutine

        def fetch_url():

            current_url=yield self._q.get()

            try:

                if current_url in self._fetching:

                    return

                #print('fetching******%s' % current_url)

                self._fetching.add(current_url)

                response=yield self.get_page(current_url)

                self.handle_response(current_url,response)    # handle reponse

                self._fetched.add(current_url)

                for i in range(self.concurrency):

                    if self.urls:

                        yield self._q.put(self.urls.pop())

            finally:

                self._q.task_done()

 

        @gen.coroutine

        def worker():

            while True:

                yield fetch_url()

        self._q.put(self.urls.pop())    # add first url

        # Start workers,then wait for the work queue to be empty.

        for _ in range(self.concurrency):

            worker()

        yield self._q.join(timeout=timedelta(seconds=300000))

        try:

            assert self._fetching==self._fetched

        except AssertionError:

            print(self._fetching-self._fetched)

            print(self._fetched-self._fetching)

 

    def run(self):

        io_loop=ioloop.IOLoop.current()

        io_loop.run_sync(self._run)

 

class MySpider(AsySpider):

 

    def fetch(self,url,**kwargs):

        """重写父类fetch方法可以添加cookies，headers等信息"""

        cookie="PHPSESSID=nms56ppb70jri4;think_language=zh-cn"

        headers={

            'User-Agent':'mozilla/5.0 (compatible; baiduspider/2.0; +http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.html)',

            'Cookie':cookie

        }

        return super(MySpider,self).fetch(url,headers=headers)

 

    def handle_html(self,url,html):

        #print(url,html)

        print(url)

 

def main():

    urls=[f'http://www.baidu.com/?page={page}' for page in range(1,10000)]

    s=MySpider(urls)

    s.run()

 

if __name__=='__main__':

    main()

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异步爬京东的Python书籍：

 

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()

from gevent.pool import Pool

 

from openpyxl import Workbook

import requests,random,time

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

from lxml.html import fromstring    #from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

 

urls=[f'https://search.jd.com/Search?keyword=Python&page={2*x+1}' for x in range(10)]

rule='.gl-item'

#proxyList=['122.72.18.34:80', '175.5.44.79:808', '221.9.12.4:9000',]

 

def spiderAndParse(url,rule):

    time.sleep(random.random()/4)

    #p=random.choice(proxyList)    #proxies={'http':'http://'+p,'https':'https://'+p}

    h={'UserAgent':UserAgent().random}

    html=requests.get(url,headers=h).content.decode()

 

    lx=fromstring(html)    #soup=BeautifulSoup(html,'lxml');items=soup.select(rule)

    items=lx.cssselect(rule)

 

    for x in items:  #.text取自家文本；.text_content()取后代的返回lxml对象，加[:]后转为str

        href=f'https://item.jd.com/{x.get("data-sku")}.html'  #{}的子类，取属性要写.get()

        price=x.cssselect('strong> i')[0].text    #>+~它仨的右侧要有空格，左侧可有可无

        comments=x.cssselect('strong> a')[0].text

        name=x.cssselect('a em')[0].text_content()[:].strip()

        try:    #京东自营有author和date，但许多第三方没有

            author=x.cssselect('.p-bookdetails> span')[0].text_content()[:].replace(' 著','')

            date=x.cssselect('.p-bookdetails> span')[-1].text

        except:

            author,date=None,None

        ws.append([href,price,comments,date,name,author])

 

def main():

    p=Pool(size=8)

    [p.spawn(spiderParse,url,rule) for url in urls]   #首参是函数体，*args是各实参

    p.join()

 

if __name__ == '__main__':

    wb=Workbook();ws=wb.active;ws.append(['网址','价格','评论数','出版日期','书名','作者'])

    main()

    wb.save('F:/京东搜索书籍.xlsx')

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Anti-SpiderのCustomFont：

自定义字体.woff，有的关联在动态网址中而且每秒一换如猫睛电影，有的在用IE打开其url后会自动存到本机缓存并几天一换如天睛查。缓存形式的， 若抓到的包中无Font文件(F12在Network的Font下，Fiddler是蓝底的A图案)，则本机搜.woff， 通常是最近的或名字含错乱字的class属性值的那个.woff。 

用在线工具FontEditor(http://fontstore.baidu.com/static/editor/)打开此.woff，蓝字为key(16进制，即网页源代码所用的混淆字)黑字为value的对应关系来批替换所爬数据中的混淆字，若chr(int(下方的16进制词组去除uni等干扰后,16))≠上方对应的单字，则fontTools库对付不了。

 

CustomFontの天睛查：公司的注册资本、注册时间、核准日期

 

import requests

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()

from gevent.pool import Pool

 

def fontCorrect(font=''):

    fontFile='D:/tyc-num.woff'

    keys='0'+''.join(TTFont(fontFile).getGlyphOrder()[3:])

    values='.8052431697'  #keys可用库提取，几天一变的values目前只能逐一手敲

    table=str.maketrans(keys,values)    #单对单，若某key或某value的len>1则用{}

    return font.translate(table)

 

def spiderParse(url):

    h={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random,'Referer':'http://www.baidu.com/'}

    soup=BeautifulSoup(requests.get(url,headers=h).text,'lxml')

    d={'公司名称':soup.select('#company_web_top .vertival-middle')[0].text}

    newFonts=[fontCorrect(sp.text) for sp in soup.select('.tyc-num')]

    d.update(dict(zip(['注册资本','注册时间','核准日期'],newFonts)))

    print(d)

 

def main():

    urls=['https://www.tianya删除ncha.com/company/24416401',]

    p=Pool(size=4)

    [p.spawn(spiderParse,url) for url in urls]

    p.join()

 

if __name__=='__main__':

    main()

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CustomFontの实習僧：

 

import requests,re,pandas

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

from io import BytesIO

from base64 import b64decode

from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()

from gevent.pool import Pool

 

def mapping(url):

    html=requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}).text

    fontText=re.findall('base64,(.+?)"',html)[0]

    fontFile=BytesIO(b64decode(fontText.encode()))

    zd={}

    for k,v in TTFont(fontFile).getBestCmap().items():

        zd[f'{k:x}']=chr(int(v[3:],16)) if v.startswith('uni') else v

    return zd

 

def spiderParse(url,zd):

    html=requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}).text

    html=re.sub('&#x(\w{4})',lambda r:zd[r[1]],html.split('<ul>')[0])

    info=re.findall('职位名称">(.+?)<.+?公司名称">(.+?)</a>(.+?)<.+?\

span>(.+?)<.+?/i>(.+?天).+?font">(.+?)<.+?font">(.+?)<',html,re.S)

    pandas.DataFrame(info).to_csv('sxs.csv',header=False,index=False,encoding='gbk',mode='a+')

 

def main():

    urls=[f'https://www.shix删除iseng.com/interns?k=爬虫&p={p}' for p in range(1,10)]

    zd=mapping(urls[0])

    p=Pool(size=4)

    [p.spawn(spiderParse,url,zd) for url in urls]

    p.join()

 

if __name__=='__main__':

    main()

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CustomFontの猫睛的想看数、用户评分、评分人数、累计票房：

网页源代码中搜混淆字的class值，在style标签的js里发现了时刻在变的字体文件//vfile.*.woff。用工具如在线的FontEditor打开：蓝色的keys是在私人造字区E000至F8FF之间的unicode字串，可直接用fontTools库提取，再转为和源代码混淆字相同的格式；不过上方的黑色values也没规律，于是TTFont(*.woff).saveXML('*.xml')，观察几个.woff的.xml，发现glyf标签下，值同其TTGlyph块亦同。 

 

import requests,re

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

from io import BytesIO

from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont

from gevent import monkey;monkey.patch_all()

from gevent.pool import Pool

 

baseFontFile='D:/model.woff'    #事先保存1份在本地，用作当前各.woff比对的模型

baseKeys=tuple(TTFont(baseFontFile)['glyf'].glyphs.values())[2:]    #其类型不让用作key

baseValues='9427635801' #顺序输出除前俩的各单字，哪天不准了再换个model.woff

 

def fontMapping(customFontUrl):

    fonts=TTFont(BytesIO(requests.get(customFontUrl).content))['glyf']

    keys=[font[3:].lower() for font in fonts.glyphOrder[2:]]

    values=[baseValues[baseKeys.index(k)] for k in tuple(fonts.glyphs.values())[2:]]

    maps=dict(zip(keys,values))

    return maps

 

def spiderParse(url):

    html=requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent':UserAgent().random}).text

    customFontUrl='http:'+re.findall('//vfile.+?woff',html)[0]

    maps=fontMapping(customFontUrl)

    html=re.sub('&#x(\w{4});',lambda r:maps[r[1]],html) #bs4会硬解析混淆字为乱码

    #print('还原后的网页源代码：\n'+html);exit()

    result={'电影名称':re.findall('h3 class="name">(.+?)<',html)[0]}

    data=re.findall('stonefont">(.+?)<',html)

    if len(data)==3:    #在各剧的主页提取数据，1页展示多剧的网站主页及榜单页没提取

        result.update(dict(zip(['用户评分','评分人数','累计票房'],data)))

    elif len(data)==2:

        result.update(dict(zip(['想看数','累计票房'],data)))

    elif len(data)==1:

        result.update({'想看数':data[0]})

    if result.get('累计票房'):

        result['累计票房']+=re.findall('unit">(.+?)<',html)[0]

    print(result)

 

def main():

    urls=['http://maoy删除an.com/films/342068',

        'http://maoy删an.com/films/338463','http://maoy删an.com/films/346272']

    p=Pool(size=4)

    [p.spawn(spiderParse,url) for url in urls]

    p.join()

 

if __name__=='__main__':

    main()