mysql-8.0.12 安装使用教程

Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.15063]
(c) 2017 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

C:\WINDOWS\system32>D:

D:\>cd D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin     //--定位到mysql安装目录

D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin>mysqld --initialize --console   //--初始化mysql
2018-08-15T02:30:59.416913Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server in progress as process 2624
2018-08-15T02:31:07.293559Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wDy_B&wV*7zY
2018-08-15T02:31:10.177291Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.12) initializing of server has completed

D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin>mysqld --install mysql8012   //--安装mysql服务  mysql8012是服务名称
Service successfully installed.

D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin>net start mysql8012   //--启动服务
mysql8012 服务正在启动 ..
mysql8012 服务已经启动成功。

D:\Program Files\MySql\MySql-8.0.12-WinX64\bin>mysql -u root -p    //--进入mysql
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.12

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';   //--修改用户密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

mysql> show databases;   //--展示数据库
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> use mysql;   //--进入mysql数据库
Database changed
mysql> show tables;  //--展示数据库表
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql           |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv              |
| component                 |
| db                        |
| default_roles             |
| engine_cost               |
| func                      |
| general_log               |
| global_grants             |
| gtid_executed             |
| help_category             |
| help_keyword              |
| help_relation             |
| help_topic                |
| innodb_index_stats        |
| innodb_table_stats        |
| password_history          |
| plugin                    |
| procs_priv                |
| proxies_priv              |
| role_edges                |
| server_cost               |
| servers                   |
| slave_master_info         |
| slave_relay_log_info      |
| slave_worker_info         |
| slow_log                  |
| tables_priv               |
| time_zone                 |
| time_zone_leap_second     |
| time_zone_name            |
| time_zone_transition      |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user                      |
+---------------------------+
33 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;  //--展示mysql用户
+------------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user             | host      | authentication_string                                                  |
+------------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session    | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| root             | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+------------------+-----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE USER 'myuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';  //--修改密码
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from user\G;   //--展示用户
*************************** 1. row ***************************
                 user: myuser
                 host: %
               plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
*************************** 2. row ***************************
                 user: mysql.infoschema
                 host: localhost
               plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 3. row ***************************
                 user: mysql.session
                 host: localhost
               plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 4. row ***************************
                 user: mysql.sys
                 host: localhost
               plugin: caching_sha2_password
authentication_string: $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED
*************************** 5. row ***************************
                 user: root
                 host: localhost
               plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from user;  //--展示加密方式
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| user             | host      | plugin                | authentication_string                                                  |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| myuser           | %         | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.session    | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | caching_sha2_password | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| root             | localhost | mysql_native_password | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9                              |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%';  //--数据库授权 授权所有权限
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,ALTER ON *.* TO 'myuser'@'%';  //--授权基本的查询修改权限，按需求设置
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show grants for 'myuser'@'%';  //--查看用户权限
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for myuser@%                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `myuser`@`%` |
| GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN,BINLOG_ADMIN,CONNECTION_ADMIN,ENCRYPTION_KEY_ADMIN,GROUP_REPLICATION_ADMIN,PERSIST_RO_VARIABLES_ADMIN,REPLICATION_SLAVE_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_ADMIN,RESOURCE_GROUP_USER,ROLE_ADMIN,SET_USER_ID,SYSTEM_VARIABLES_ADMIN,XA_RECOVER_ADMIN ON *.* TO `myuser`@`%`                                                                                                  |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

下载zip安装包：

　　MySQL8.0 For Windows zip包下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/file/?id=476233，进入页面后可以不登录。后点击底部“No thanks, just start my download.”即可开始下载。

　　或直接下载：https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.11-winx64.zip

环境：Windows 10

一，安装

　　1.1，解压zip包到安装目录

　　比如我的安装目录是：C:\Program Files\MySQL

　　1.2，配置文件

　　在Windows系统中，配置文件默认是安装目录下的 my.ini 文件（或my-default.ini），部分配置需要在初始安装时配置，大部分也可以在安装完成后进行更改。当然，极端情况下，所有的都是可以更改的。

　　我们发现解压后的目录并没有my.ini文件，没关系可以自行创建。在安装根目录下添加 my.ini，比如我这里是：C:\Program Files\MySQL\my.ini，写入基本配置：

[mysqld]
# 设置3306端口
port=3306
# 设置mysql的安装目录
basedir=C:\Program Files\MySQL
# 设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
datadir=E:\database\MySQL\Data
# 允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
# 允许连接失败的次数。这是为了防止有人从该主机试图攻击数据库系统
max_connect_errors=10
# 服务端使用的字符集默认为UTF8
character-set-server=utf8
# 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# 默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
[mysql]
# 设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
[client]
# 设置mysql客户端连接服务端时默认使用的端口
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8

注意，里面的 basedir 是我本地的安装目录，datadir 是我数据库数据文件要存放的位置，各项配置需要根据自己的环境进行配置。

查看所有的配置项，可参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysqld-option-tables.html

　　1.3，初始化数据库

在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令：

mysqld --initialize --console

执行完成后，会打印 root 用户的初始默认密码，比如：

C:\Users\Administrator>cd C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysqld --initialize --console
2018-04-28T15:57:17.087519Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server in progress as process 4984
2018-04-28T15:57:24.859249Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rI5rvf5x5G,E
2018-04-28T15:57:27.106660Z 0 [System] [MY-013170] [Server] C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.11) initializing of server has completed

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>

　　注意！执行输出结果里面有一段： [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: rI5rvf5x5G,E 其中root@localhost:后面的“rI5rvf5x5G,E”就是初始密码（不含首位空格）。在没有更改密码前，需要记住这个密码，后续登录需要用到。

　　要是你手贱，关快了，或者没记住，那也没事，删掉初始化的 datadir 目录，再执行一遍初始化命令，又会重新生成的。当然，也可以使用安全工具，强制改密码，用什么方法，自己随意。

参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/data-directory-initialization-mysqld.html

　　1.4，安装服务

在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令（以管理员身份打开cmd命令行，或者在安装目录Shift+右键“在此处打开命令行窗口”）：

mysqld --install [服务名]

后面的服务名可以不写，默认的名字为 mysql。当然，如果你的电脑上需要安装多个MySQL服务，就可以用不同的名字区分了，比如 mysql5 和 mysql8。

安装完成之后，就可以通过命令net start mysql启动MySQL的服务了。

示例：

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysqld --install
Service successfully installed.

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>net start mysql
MySQL 服务正在启动 ..
MySQL 服务已经启动成功。

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>

参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/windows-start-service.html

二，更改密码和密码认证插件

　　在MySQL安装目录的 bin 目录下执行命令：

mysql -u root -p
　　这时候会提示输入密码，记住了上面第1.3步安装时的密码，填入即可登录成功，进入MySQL命令模式。

在MySQL8.0.4以前，执行

SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('[修改的密码]');
就可以更改密码，但是MySQL8.0.4开始，这样默认是不行的。因为之前，MySQL的密码认证插件是“mysql_native_password”，而现在使用的是“caching_sha2_password”。

　　因为当前有很多数据库工具和链接包都不支持“caching_sha2_password”，为了方便，我暂时还是改回了“mysql_native_password”认证插件。

修改用户密码，在MySQL中执行命令：

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
修改密码验证插件，同时修改密码。

　　如果想默认使用“mysql_native_password”插件认证，可以在配置文件中配置default_authentication_plugin项。

[mysqld]
default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

示例：

C:\Program Files\MySQL\bin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password: ************
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.11

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql>

参考：https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password

　　到此，安装部署就完成了。官方说测试速度MySQL8比5快两倍。

　　可以用 命令查看一下默认安装的数据库：

show databases;

use mysql;

show tables;

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql>

看到默认初始化了mysql数据库，其中user表里面存储MySQL用户信息。我们可以看一下默认MySQL用户：

select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;

mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user             | host      | authentication_string                     |
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.session    | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| root             | localhost | *27C237A977F4F44D3F551F1A673BE14DFD232961 |
+------------------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

管理员root的host是localhost，代表仅限localhost登录访问。如果要允许开放其他ip登录，则需要添加新的host。如果要允许所有ip访问，可以直接修改成“%”

创建用户：

CREATE USER 'xxh'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxh123!@#';

#(需要注意：mysql8.0加密方式修改了)
#检查用户

select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from user\G;

授权远程数据库

#授权所有权限 
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'xxh'@'%';
#授权基本的查询修改权限，按需求设置
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,CREATE,DROP,ALTER ON *.* TO 'xxh'@'%';

查看用户权限
show grants for 'xxh'@'%';

示例：

mysql> use mysql;
Database changed
mysql> CREATE USER 'xxh'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'xxh123!@#'; #创建用户(注意：mysql8.0加密方式修改了)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)

mysql> 

查看密码加密方式：

mysql> select user, host, plugin, authentication_string from user;
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user             | host      | plugin                | authentication_string                     |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| xxh              | %         | mysql_native_password | *70FD6FB4F675E08FF785A754755B5EBA6DA62851 |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.session    | localhost | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| mysql.sys        | localhost | mysql_native_password | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |
| root             | localhost | mysql_native_password | *27C237A977F4F44D3F551F1A673BE14DFD232961 |
+------------------+-----------+-----------------------+-------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

　　另外，如果需要新增账户，或者本机以外的其他人访问MySQL则还需要设置内置账户的host，具体可以参考：MySQL创建用户与授权

转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xiongzaiqiren/p/8970203.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/laumians-notes/p/9069498.html