python剑指网络篇一

#coding:utf-8
__author__ = 'similarface'
#!/usr/bin/env python

import socket
#二进制和ASCII互转及其它进制转换
from binascii import hexlify
def get_remote_machine_info(remote_host):
    '''
    获取根据域名获取IP地址
    :param remote_host: 域名
    :return:IP地址
    '''
    try:
        #SimilarFacedeMacBook-Pro:~ similarface$ ping www.python.org
        #PING python.map.fastly.net (103.245.222.223): 56 data bytes
        print("%s的IP地址:%s" %(remote_host,socket.gethostbyname(remote_host)))
    except socket.error,err_msg:
        print("%s: %s" %(remote_host,err_msg))

def convert_ip4_address():
    '''
    转化IP地址
    '''
    for ip_addr in ['127.0.0.1','192.168.0.1']:
        #IP地址转换为一个32位的网络序列IP地址。
        packed_ip_addr=socket.inet_aton(ip_addr)
        #将一个十进制网络字节序转换为点分十进制IP格式的字符串。
        unpacked_ip_addr=socket.inet_ntoa(packed_ip_addr)
        print "IP地址: %s => 打包: %s, 非打包: %s" %(ip_addr, hexlify(packed_ip_addr), unpacked_ip_addr)

def find_service_name():
    '''
    根据端口获取服务的名称
    :return:
    '''
    protocolname='tcp'
    for port in range(53,22,80):
        try:
            print "Port: %s => service name: %s" %(port, socket.getservbyport(port, protocolname))
        except Exception,e:
            print(e)

    print "Port: %s => service name: %s" %(53, socket.getservbyport(53, 'udp'))

def convert_integer():
    '''
    #ntohl()是将一个无符号长整形数从网络字节顺序转换为主机字节顺序。
    #将主机数转换成无符号长整型的网络字节顺序。本函数将一个32位数从主机字节顺序转换成网络字节顺序。
    :return:
    '''
    data=1234
    print "原数据: %s => 长主机字节顺序: %s, 长网络字节顺序: %s"%(data, socket.ntohl(data), socket.htonl(data))
    print "原数据: %s => 短主机字节顺序: %s, 短网络字节顺序: %s"%(data, socket.ntohs(data), socket.htons(data))

def test_socket_timeout():
    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    print "默认的超时时间: %s" %s.gettimeout()
    s.settimeout(100)
    print "当前的超时时间: %s" %s.gettimeout()

import sys,socket,argparse
def main():
    parser=argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Socket 异常处理")
    parser.add_argument('--host',action='store',dest='host',required=False)
    parser.add_argument('--port',action="store",desc='port',type=int,required=False)
    parser.add_argument('--file',action-"store",desc='file',required=False)
    given_args=parser.parse_args()
    host=given_args.host
    port=given_args.port
    filename=given_args.file

    try:
        s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    except socket.error,e:
        print("Error creating socket: %s" % e )
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        s.connect((host,port))
    except socket.gaierror,e:
        print "Address-related error connecting to server: %s" % e
        sys.exit(1)
    except socket.error,e:
        print "Connection error: %s" % e
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        s.sendall("GET %s HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n" % filename)
    except socket.error, e:
        print "Error sending data: %s" % e
        sys.exit(1)

    while 1:
        try:
            buf = s.recv(2048)
        except socket.error, e:
            print "Error receiving data: %s" % e
            sys.exit(1)
        if not len(buf):
            break
           # write the received data
        sys.stdout.write(buf)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    remote_host='www.python.org'
    get_remote_machine_info(remote_host)
    convert_ip4_address()
    print('------find_service_name------')
    find_service_name()
    print('------convert_integer------')
    convert_integer()
    print('------main------')
    main()

'''
时间服务器客户端
'''
import socket,struct,sys,time
#时间服务器地址
NTP_SERVER='0.asia.pool.ntp.org'
#参考1970的时间
TIME1970=2208988800L
def sntp_client():
    #建立socket对象
    client = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
    #SNTP protocol data
    data = '\x1b' + 47 * '\0'
    #向时间服务器发送数据
    client.sendto(data,(NTP_SERVER,123))
    #获取数据和地址
    data,address=client.recvfrom(1024)
    if data:
        print(address)
    #
    t = struct.unpack( '!12I', data )[10]
    #
    print(t)
    t -= TIME1970
    print '\tTime=%s' % time.ctime(t)

if __name__=='__main__':
    sntp_client()

import socket,sys,argparse
'''
简单的socket客服端
'''
host='localhost'
def echo_client(port):
    #建立套结字
    sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    #服务地址
    server_address=(host,port)
    #连接服务器
    sock.connect(server_address)
    try:
        # Send data
        message = "Test message. This will be echoed"
        print "Sending %s" % message
        sock.sendall(message)
        # Look for the response
        amount_received = 0
        amount_expected = len(message)
        while amount_received < amount_expected:
            data = sock.recv(16)
            amount_received += len(data)
            print "Received: %s" % data
    except socket.errno, e:
        print "Socket error: %s" %str(e)
    except Exception, e:
        print "Other exception: %s" %str(e)
    finally:
        print "Closing connection to the server"
        sock.close()

'''
简单的接受数据的服务器端
'''
import socket,sys,argparse
host='localhost'
data_payload=2048
backlog=5
def echo_server(port):
    """ 简单的打印屏幕服务 """
    #TCP协议的套结字
    sock=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    #是否端口重复使用
    sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1)
    #################
    server_address=(host,port)
    #绑定IP和端口
    sock.bind(server_address)
    #监听
    sock.listen(backlog)
    while True:
        #建立连接
        client,address=sock.accept()
        #获取消息
        data=client.recv(data_payload)
        if data:
            #发送数据
            client.send(data)
        #结束连接
        client.close()