浏览器XMLHttpRequest案例

/*

Cross-Browser XMLHttpRequest v1.2
=================================

Emulate Gecko 'XMLHttpRequest()' functionality in IE and Opera. Opera requires
the Sun Java Runtime Environment <http://www.java.com/>.

by Andrew Gregory
http://www.scss.com.au/family/andrew/webdesign/xmlhttprequest/

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. To view a
copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/ or
send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abbott Way, Stanford, California
94305, USA.

Attribution: Leave my name and web address in this script intact.

Not Supported in Opera
----------------------
* user/password authentication
* responseXML data member

Not Fully Supported in Opera
----------------------------
* async requests
* abort()
* getAllResponseHeaders(), getAllResponseHeader(header)

*/
// IE support
if (window.ActiveXObject && !window.XMLHttpRequest) {
  window.XMLHttpRequest = function() {
    var msxmls = new Array(
      'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.5.0',
      'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.4.0',
      'Msxml2.XMLHTTP.3.0',
      'Msxml2.XMLHTTP',
      'Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
    for (var i = 0; i < msxmls.length; i++) {
      try {
        return new ActiveXObject(msxmls[i]);
      } catch (e) {
      }
    }
    return null;
  };
}
// Gecko support
/* ;-) */
// Opera support
if (window.opera && !window.XMLHttpRequest) {
  window.XMLHttpRequest = function() {
    this.readyState = 0; // 0=uninitialized,1=loading,2=loaded,3=interactive,4=complete
    this.status = 0; // HTTP status codes
    this.statusText = '';
    this._headers = [];
    this._aborted = false;
    this._async = true;
    this._defaultCharset = 'ISO-8859-1';
    this._getCharset = function() {
      var charset = _defaultCharset;
      var contentType = this.getResponseHeader('Content-type').toUpperCase();
      val = contentType.indexOf('CHARSET=');
      if (val != -1) {
        charset = contentType.substring(val);
      }
      val = charset.indexOf(';');
      if (val != -1) {
        charset = charset.substring(0, val);
      }
      val = charset.indexOf(',');
      if (val != -1) {
        charset = charset.substring(0, val);
      }
      return charset;
    };
    this.abort = function() {
      this._aborted = true;
    };
    this.getAllResponseHeaders = function() {
      return this.getAllResponseHeader('*');
    };
    this.getAllResponseHeader = function(header) {
      var ret = '';
      for (var i = 0; i < this._headers.length; i++) {
        if (header == '*' || this._headers[i].h == header) {
          ret += this._headers[i].h + ': ' + this._headers[i].v + ' ';
        }
      }
      return ret;
    };
    this.getResponseHeader = function(header) {
      var ret = getAllResponseHeader(header);
      var i = ret.indexOf(' ');
      if (i != -1) {
        ret = ret.substring(0, i);
      }
      return ret;
    };
    this.setRequestHeader = function(header, value) {
      this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:header, v:value};
    };
    this.open = function(method, url, async, user, password) {
      this.method = method;
      this.url = url;
      this._async = true;
      this._aborted = false;
      this._headers = [];
      if (arguments.length >= 3) {
        this._async = async;
      }
      if (arguments.length > 3) {
        opera.postError('XMLHttpRequest.open() - user/password not supported');
      }
      this.readyState = 1;
      if (this.onreadystatechange) {
        this.onreadystatechange();
      }
    };
    this.send = function(data) {
      if (!navigator.javaEnabled()) {
        alert("XMLHttpRequest.send() - Java must be installed and enabled.");
        return;
      }
      if (this._async) {
        setTimeout(this._sendasync, 0, this, data);
        // this is not really asynchronous and won't execute until the current
        // execution context ends
      } else {
        this._sendsync(data);
      }
    }
    this._sendasync = function(req, data) {
      if (!req._aborted) {
        req._sendsync(data);
      }
    };
    this._sendsync = function(data) {
      this.readyState = 2;
      if (this.onreadystatechange) {
        this.onreadystatechange();
      }
      // open connection
      var url = new java.net.URL(new java.net.URL(window.location.href), this.url);
      var conn = url.openConnection();
      for (var i = 0; i < this._headers.length; i++) {
        conn.setRequestProperty(this._headers[i].h, this._headers[i].v);
      }
      this._headers = [];
      if (this.method == 'POST') {
        // POST data
        conn.setDoOutput(true);
        var wr = new java.io.OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), this._getCharset());
        wr.write(data);
        wr.flush();
        wr.close();
      }
      // read response headers
      // NOTE: the getHeaderField() methods always return nulls for me :(
      var gotContentEncoding = false;
      var gotContentLength = false;
      var gotContentType = false;
      var gotDate = false;
      var gotExpiration = false;
      var gotLastModified = false;
      for (var i = 0; ; i++) {
        var hdrName = conn.getHeaderFieldKey(i);
        var hdrValue = conn.getHeaderField(i);
        if (hdrName == null && hdrValue == null) {
          break;
        }
        if (hdrName != null) {
          this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:hdrName, v:hdrValue};
          switch (hdrName.toLowerCase()) {
            case 'content-encoding': gotContentEncoding = true; break;
            case 'content-length'  : gotContentLength   = true; break;
            case 'content-type'    : gotContentType     = true; break;
            case 'date'            : gotDate            = true; break;
            case 'expires'         : gotExpiration      = true; break;
            case 'last-modified'   : gotLastModified    = true; break;
          }
        }
      }
      // try to fill in any missing header information
      var val;
      val = conn.getContentEncoding();
      if (val != null && !gotContentEncoding) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Content-encoding', v:val};
      val = conn.getContentLength();
      if (val != -1 && !gotContentLength) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Content-length', v:val};
      val = conn.getContentType();
      if (val != null && !gotContentType) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Content-type', v:val};
      val = conn.getDate();
      if (val != 0 && !gotDate) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Date', v:(new Date(val)).toUTCString()};
      val = conn.getExpiration();
      if (val != 0 && !gotExpiration) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Expires', v:(new Date(val)).toUTCString()};
      val = conn.getLastModified();
      if (val != 0 && !gotLastModified) this._headers[this._headers.length] = {h:'Last-modified', v:(new Date(val)).toUTCString()};
      // read response data
      var reqdata = '';
      var stream = conn.getInputStream();
      if (stream) {
        var reader = new java.io.BufferedReader(new java.io.InputStreamReader(stream, this._getCharset()));
        var line;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
          if (this.readyState == 2) {
            this.readyState = 3;
            if (this.onreadystatechange) {
              this.onreadystatechange();
            }
          }
          reqdata += line + ' ';
        }
        reader.close();
        this.status = 200;
        this.statusText = 'OK';
        this.responseText = reqdata;
        this.readyState = 4;
        if (this.onreadystatechange) {
          this.onreadystatechange();
        }
        if (this.onload) {
          this.onload();
        }
      } else {
        // error
        this.status = 404;
        this.statusText = 'Not Found';
        this.responseText = '';
        this.readyState = 4;
        if (this.onreadystatechange) {
          this.onreadystatechange();
        }
        if (this.onerror) {
          this.onerror();
        }
      }
    };
  };
}
// ActiveXObject emulation
if (!window.ActiveXObject && window.XMLHttpRequest) {
  window.ActiveXObject = function(type) {
    switch (type.toLowerCase()) {
      case 'microsoft.xmlhttp':
      case 'msxml2.xmlhttp':
      case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.3.0':
      case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.4.0':
      case 'msxml2.xmlhttp.5.0':
        return new XMLHttpRequest();
    }
    return null;
  };
}

引入

<script type="text/javascript" src="xmlhttprequest.js"></script>

请求

//get
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (req) {
  req.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (req.readyState == 4 && (req.status == 200 || req.status == 304)) {
      alert(req.responseText);
    }
  };
  req.open('GET', 'pageurl.html');
  req.send(null);
} 

//post
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (req) {
  req.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (req.readyState == 4 && (req.status == 200 || req.status == 304)) {
      alert(req.responseText);
    }
  };
  req.open('POST', 'scripturl.cgi');
  // many server-side scripts require the Content-Type to be set:
  req.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8');
  req.send('var1=data1&var2=data2');
}