cobbler深入学习

cobbler重要目录和cobbler各对象的关系

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror 存放操作系统镜像
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror 存放仓库镜像
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts 存放kickstarts文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders 存放启动时需要的文件
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets 存放脚本
/etc/cobbler 存放cobbler的配置文

自定义yum源

cobbler可以管理yum源，以使用阿里云的openstack为例

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/

1) 添加openstack仓库源

cobbler repo add --name=openstack-mitaka --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

2) 同步 cobbler reposync

3) 将openstack-mitaka在安装centos 7时，默认导入安装

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --repos="openstack-mitaka"

cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64 查看仓库源

vim /etc/cobbler/settings  可以查看到yum_post_install_mirror默认开启

4) 修改kickstart文件

vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

#Kickstart Configurator for cobbler by Jason Zhao
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#System  language
lang en_US
#System keyboard
keyboard us
#Sytem timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
#Use text mode install
text
#Install OS instead of upgrade
install
#Use NFS installation Media
url --url=$tree
#System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
#Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
#Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
#Disk partitioning information
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda
part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda
part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda
#System authorization infomation
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
#Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
#SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
#Do not configure XWindows
skipx
#Package install information
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
@ base
@ core
sysstat
iptraf
ntp
lrzsz
ncurses-devel
openssl-devel
zlib-devel
OpenIPMI-tools
mysql
nmap
screen
%end

%post
systemctl disable postfix.service

$yum_config_stanza
%end

5) 添加定时任务，定期同步repo

echo "1 3 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail" >> /var/spool/cron/root

自动化装机

之前通过cobbler操作的安装并没有完全的自动化，需要在页面进行选择，我们在实现真正的自动化安装前，需要清楚整体流程。

下图参考

在自动化安装操作系统，需要做的几件事：

1、存在硬件设备，如果虚拟机要创建完一个虚拟机，分配好内存、CPU、硬盘等资源

2、分配IP、域名、子网掩码、网关、DNS、MAC地址，以虚拟机为例

获取MAC地址为：00:50:56:3F:1B:9E

IP：192.168.137.51

主机名：cobbler-auto

子网掩码：255.255.255.0

网关：192.168.137.2

DNS：192.168.137.2

备注：MAC地址必须是唯一的，通过配置MAC地址才能进行自动化安装。

cobbler system list

cobbler system add --name=cobbler-auto --mac=00:50:56:3F:1B:9E \
--profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 \
--ip-address=192.168.137.51 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.137.2 --interface=eth0 \
--static=1 --hostname=cobbler-auto --name-servers="192.168.137.2 114.114.114.114" \
--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

cobbler system list

cobbler sync

安装成功

安装 成功的主机中已经添加了openstack-mitaka的yum源

Cobbler API

cd /etc/httpd/conf.d

cat cobbler.conf

通过上图标红处，可以看到cobbler API是通过http调用

如下为python调用样例脚本

#!/usr/bin/python
import xmlrpclib
import time
server = xmlrpclib.Server("http://192.168.137.10/cobbler_api")
print server.get_distros()
time.sleep(1)
print server.get_profiles()
time.sleep(1)
print server.get_systems()
time.sleep(1)
print server.get_images()
time.sleep(1)
print server.get_repos()
time.sleep(10)

实现上面命令的一个完整脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import xmlrpclib 

class CobblerAPI(object):
    def __init__(self,url,user,password):
        self.cobbler_user= user
        self.cobbler_pass = password
        self.cobbler_url = url

    def add_system(self,hostname,ip_add,mac_add,profile):
        '''
        Add Cobbler System Infomation
        '''
        ret = {
            "result": True,
            "comment": [],
        }
        #get token
        remote = xmlrpclib.Server(self.cobbler_url)
        token = remote.login(self.cobbler_user,self.cobbler_pass) 

		#add system
        system_id = remote.new_system(token)
        remote.modify_system(system_id,"name",hostname,token)
        remote.modify_system(system_id,"hostname",hostname,token)
        remote.modify_system(system_id,'modify_interface', {
            "macaddress-eth0" : mac_add,
            "ipaddress-eth0" : ip_add,
            "dnsname-eth0" : hostname,
        }, token)
        remote.modify_system(system_id,"profile",profile,token)
        remote.save_system(system_id, token)
        try:
            remote.sync(token)
        except Exception as e:
            ret['result'] = False
            ret['comment'].append(str(e))
        return ret

def main():
    cobbler = CobblerAPI("http://192.168.137.10/cobbler_api","cobbler","cobbler")
    ret = cobbler.add_system(hostname='cobbler-api-test',ip_add='192.168.137.111',mac_add='00:50:56:25:C2:AA',profile='CentOS-7.1-x86_64')
    print ret

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

执行上面的脚本，通过cobbler system list命令可以看到多出cobbler-api-test这项，这是通过cobbler API实现添加

电源管理

增加

cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-auto --power-address=192.168.138.51 \
--power-type='ipmilan' --power-user=ipmi -power-pass=ipmi

常用命令

cobbler system poweroff
cobbler system powon
cobbler system powerstatus
cobbler system reboot

重启服务器并从PXE引导启动，并指定安装的操作系统配置。

cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-auto --netboot-enabled=1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64

　　

官网文档

对于cobbler，如果要做一些个性化配置，可以参考官方文档进行实现。

如下图是官网给出的示例，如何去实现双网卡绑定。

http://cobbler.github.io/manuals/2.8.0/4/1/1_-_Bonding.html