cobbler深入学习

cobbler重要目录和cobbler各对象的关系

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror 存放操作系统镜像
/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror 存放仓库镜像
/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts 存放kickstarts文件
/var/lib/cobbler/loaders 存放启动时需要的文件
/var/lib/cobbler/snippets 存放脚本
/etc/cobbler 存放cobbler的配置文

自定义yum源

cobbler可以管理yum源，以使用阿里云的openstack为例

http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/

1) 添加openstack仓库源

cobbler repo add --name=openstack-mitaka --mirror=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.2.1511/cloud/x86_64/openstack-mitaka/ --arch=x86_64 --breed=yum

2) 同步 cobbler reposync

3) 将openstack-mitaka在安装centos 7时，默认导入安装

cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 --repos="openstack-mitaka"

cobbler profile report CentOS-7.1-x86_64 查看仓库源

vim /etc/cobbler/settings 可以查看到yum_post_install_mirror默认开启

4) 修改kickstart文件

vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

#Kickstart Configurator for cobbler by Jason Zhao

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T

#System  language

lang en_US

#System keyboard

keyboard us

#Sytem timezone

timezone Asia/Shanghai

#Root password

rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted

#Use text mode install

text

#Install OS instead of upgrade

install

#Use NFS installation Media

url --url=$tree

#System bootloader configuration

bootloader --location=mbr

#Clear the Master Boot Record

zerombr

#Partition clearing information

clearpart --all --initlabel

#Disk partitioning information

part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda

part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda

part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda

#System authorization infomation

auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5

#Network information

$SNIPPET('network_config')

#network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on

# Reboot after installation

reboot

#Firewall configuration

firewall --disabled

#SELinux configuration

selinux --disabled

#Do not configure XWindows

skipx

#Package install information

%pre

$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')

$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')

$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')

# Enable installation monitoring

$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')

%end

%packages

@ base

@ core

sysstat

iptraf

ntp

lrzsz

ncurses-devel

openssl-devel

zlib-devel

OpenIPMI-tools

mysql

nmap

screen

%end

%post

systemctl disable postfix.service

$yum_config_stanza

%end

5) 添加定时任务，定期同步repo

echo "1 3 * * * /usr/bin/cobbler reposync --tries=3 --no-fail" >> /var/spool/cron/root

自动化装机

之前通过cobbler操作的安装并没有完全的自动化，需要在页面进行选择，我们在实现真正的自动化安装前，需要清楚整体流程。

下图参考

在自动化安装操作系统，需要做的几件事：

1、存在硬件设备，如果虚拟机要创建完一个虚拟机，分配好内存、CPU、硬盘等资源

2、分配IP、域名、子网掩码、网关、DNS、MAC地址，以虚拟机为例

获取MAC地址为：00:50:56:3F:1B:9E

IP：192.168.137.51

主机名：cobbler-auto

子网掩码：255.255.255.0

网关：192.168.137.2

DNS：192.168.137.2

备注：MAC地址必须是唯一的，通过配置MAC地址才能进行自动化安装。

cobbler system list

cobbler system add --name=cobbler-auto --mac=00:50:56:3F:1B:9E \

--profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64 \

--ip-address=192.168.137.51 --subnet=255.255.255.0 --gateway=192.168.137.2 --interface=eth0 \

--static=1 --hostname=cobbler-auto --name-servers="192.168.137.2 114.114.114.114" \

--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg

cobbler system list

cobbler sync

安装成功

安装成功的主机中已经添加了openstack-mitaka的yum源

Cobbler API

cd /etc/httpd/conf.d

cat cobbler.conf

通过上图标红处，可以看到cobbler API是通过http调用

如下为python调用样例脚本

#!/usr/bin/python

import xmlrpclib

import time

server = xmlrpclib.Server("http://192.168.137.10/cobbler_api")

print server.get_distros()

time.sleep(1)

print server.get_profiles()

time.sleep(1)

print server.get_systems()

time.sleep(1)

print server.get_images()

time.sleep(1)

print server.get_repos()

time.sleep(10)

实现上面命令的一个完整脚本

#!/usr/bin/env python

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import xmlrpclib 

class CobblerAPI(object):

    def __init__(self,url,user,password):

        self.cobbler_user= user

        self.cobbler_pass = password

        self.cobbler_url = url

    def add_system(self,hostname,ip_add,mac_add,profile):

        '''

        Add Cobbler System Infomation

        '''

        ret = {

            "result": True,

            "comment": [],

        }

        #get token

        remote = xmlrpclib.Server(self.cobbler_url)

        token = remote.login(self.cobbler_user,self.cobbler_pass) 

		#add system

        system_id = remote.new_system(token)

        remote.modify_system(system_id,"name",hostname,token)

        remote.modify_system(system_id,"hostname",hostname,token)

        remote.modify_system(system_id,'modify_interface', {

            "macaddress-eth0" : mac_add,

            "ipaddress-eth0" : ip_add,

            "dnsname-eth0" : hostname,

        }, token)

        remote.modify_system(system_id,"profile",profile,token)

        remote.save_system(system_id, token)

        try:

            remote.sync(token)

        except Exception as e:

            ret['result'] = False

            ret['comment'].append(str(e))

        return ret

def main():

    cobbler = CobblerAPI("http://192.168.137.10/cobbler_api","cobbler","cobbler")

    ret = cobbler.add_system(hostname='cobbler-api-test',ip_add='192.168.137.111',mac_add='00:50:56:25:C2:AA',profile='CentOS-7.1-x86_64')

    print ret

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

执行上面的脚本，通过cobbler system list命令可以看到多出cobbler-api-test这项，这是通过cobbler API实现添加

电源管理

增加

cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-auto --power-address=192.168.138.51 \

--power-type='ipmilan' --power-user=ipmi -power-pass=ipmi

常用命令

cobbler system poweroff

cobbler system powon

cobbler system powerstatus

cobbler system reboot

重启服务器并从PXE引导启动，并指定安装的操作系统配置。

cobbler system edit --name=cobbler-auto --netboot-enabled=1 --profile=CentOS-7.1-x86_64

官网文档

对于cobbler，如果要做一些个性化配置，可以参考官方文档进行实现。

如下图是官网给出的示例，如何去实现双网卡绑定。

http://cobbler.github.io/manuals/2.8.0/4/1/1_-_Bonding.html