java图形界面设计

1.       基本的java Frame操作。

Java的图形界面的类主要包括AWT和Swing。在AWT中图形元素的父类为Component。

继承关系如下：Component->Container->Window->Frame->JFrame。（注意：Swing对AWT进行了扩展）。

下面给出一个简单的java图形程序：

package com.guan.visualTest.frameTest;

import java.awt.Button;

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class MainFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args)

    {

       //创建frame

       JFrame frame = new JFrame("welcome!!");

       //调整frame的大小和初始位置

       frame.setSize(400, 400);

       frame.setLocation(100, 100);

       //新建5个Button

       Button button1 = new Button("hello1");

       Button button2 = new Button("hello2");

       Button button3 = new Button("hello3");

       Button button4 = new Button("hello4");

       Button button5 = new Button("hello5");

       //将5个Button添加到frame中

       frame.add(button1,"East");

       frame.add(button2,"West");

       frame.add(button3,"South");

       frame.add(button4,"Center");

       frame.add(button5,"North");

       //增加窗口监听事件，使用内部类方法，并用监听器的默认适配器

       frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

           //重写窗口关闭事件

           @Override

           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent arg0) {

              System.exit(0);

           }

       });

       //显示窗体

       frame.setVisible(true);

    }  

}

执行效果：

2.       AWT的布局管理器

AWT中主要有四种布局管理器：FlowLayout、GridLayout、BorderLayout和CardLayout。

下面给出这四种布局管理器的源码：

package com.guan.visualTest.frameTest;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;

import java.awt.Button;

import java.awt.CardLayout;

import java.awt.FlowLayout;

import java.awt.Frame;

import java.awt.GridLayout;

import java.awt.Panel;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class YourFrame extends Frame{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    Panel borderLayoutPanel;

    Panel cardLayoutPanel;

    Panel flowLayoutPanel;

    Panel gridLayoutPanel;

    private void generateGridLayoutPanel() {

       gridLayoutPanel = new Panel();

       gridLayoutPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));

       Button button1 = new Button("button1");

       Button button2 = new Button("button2");

       Button button3 = new Button("button3");

       Button button4 = new Button("button4");

       gridLayoutPanel.add(button1);

       gridLayoutPanel.add(button2);

       gridLayoutPanel.add(button3);

       gridLayoutPanel.add(button4);     

    }

    private void generateFlowLayoutPanel() {

       flowLayoutPanel = new Panel();

       flowLayoutPanel.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

       Button button1 = new Button("button1");

       Button button2 = new Button("button2");

       Button button3 = new Button("button3");

       Button button4 = new Button("button4");

       Button button5 = new Button("button5");

       button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

           @Override

           public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

              ((Button)e.getSource()).setLabel("welcome ");

           }

       });

       flowLayoutPanel.add(button1);

       flowLayoutPanel.add(button2);

       flowLayoutPanel.add(button3);

       flowLayoutPanel.add(button4);

       flowLayoutPanel.add(button5);

    }

    private void generateBorderLayoutPanel() {

       borderLayoutPanel = new Panel();

       borderLayoutPanel.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

       Button button1 = new Button("South");

       Button button2 = new Button("West");

       Button button3 = new Button("East");

       Button button4 = new Button("North");

       Button button5 = new Button("Center");

       borderLayoutPanel.add(button1,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

       borderLayoutPanel.add(button2,BorderLayout.WEST);

       borderLayoutPanel.add(button3,BorderLayout.EAST);

       borderLayoutPanel.add(button4,BorderLayout.NORTH);

       borderLayoutPanel.add(button5,BorderLayout.CENTER);

    }

    private void genrateCardLayoutPanel() {

       cardLayoutPanel = new Panel();

       final CardLayout cl = new CardLayout();

       cardLayoutPanel.setLayout(cl);

       Button button1 = new Button("black");

       Button button2 = new Button("red");

       ActionListener al = new ActionListener() {

           @Override

           public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

              cl.next(cardLayoutPanel);             

           }

       };

       button1.addActionListener(al);

       button2.addActionListener(al);

       cardLayoutPanel.add(button1,"1");

       cardLayoutPanel.add(button2,"2");

    }

    public YourFrame(String panelName) {

       super("panelName");

       generateBorderLayoutPanel();

       generateFlowLayoutPanel();

       generateGridLayoutPanel();

       genrateCardLayoutPanel();

       setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));

       add(borderLayoutPanel);

       add(flowLayoutPanel);

       add(gridLayoutPanel);

       add(cardLayoutPanel);

       setSize(800, 800);

       setLocation(100,100);

       addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

           @Override

           public void windowClosing(WindowEvent arg0) {

              System.exit(0);

           }

       });

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

       YourFrame yourFrame = new YourFrame("welcome");

       yourFrame.setVisible(true);

    }

}

运行结果：

3.       菜单栏的实现：

菜单栏关键的类包括MenuBar、Menu和MenuItem。下面给出测试代码：

package com.guan.visualTest.frameTest;

import java.awt.FileDialog;

import java.awt.Frame;

import java.awt.Menu;

import java.awt.MenuBar;

import java.awt.MenuItem;

import java.awt.TextArea;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;

import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

public class MenuFrame {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    final Frame frame = new Frame();

    frame.setSize(800,800);

    frame.setLocation(100,100);

    frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter(){

       @Override

       public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {

           System.exit(0);

       }

    });

    final TextArea ta = new TextArea();

    frame.add(ta);

    //创建菜单栏

    MenuBar mb = new MenuBar();

    //创建菜单

    Menu file = new Menu("File");

    Menu edit = new Menu("Edit");

    //创建菜单项

    MenuItem mi1 = new MenuItem("Open");

    //添加打开文件功能响应

    mi1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

       @Override

       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

           FileDialog fd = new FileDialog(frame,"打开文件",FileDialog.LOAD);

           fd.setVisible(true);

           String fileName = fd.getDirectory()+fd.getFile();

           if(fileName != null)

           {

              try {

                  FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(fileName);

                  byte[] buf = new byte[10*1024];

                  try {

                     int len = fis.read(buf);

                     ta.append(new String(buf,0,len));

                     fis.close();

                  } catch (IOException e1) {

                      e1.printStackTrace();

                  }

              } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {

                  e1.printStackTrace();

              }

           }

       }

    });

    MenuItem mi2 = new MenuItem("Save");

    MenuItem mi3 = new MenuItem("Other Save");

    MenuItem mi4 = new MenuItem("Close");

    //添加 关闭响应

    mi4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

       @Override

       public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {

           System.exit(0);

       }

    });

    MenuItem mi5 = new MenuItem("Cope");

    MenuItem mi6 = new MenuItem("Paste");

    file.add(mi1);

    file.add(mi2);

    file.add(mi3);

    file.add(mi4);

    edit.add(mi5);

    edit.add(mi6);

    mb.add(file);

    mb.add(edit);

    frame.setMenuBar(mb);

    frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

执行结果：

4.       最后Swing的简单测试

package com.guan.visualTest.frameTest;

import java.awt.BorderLayout;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

public class SwingFrame {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    JFrame frame = new JFrame();

    frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

    JButton button = new JButton("ok");

    frame.getContentPane().add(button,BorderLayout.WEST);

    frame.setSize(800,800);

    frame.setLocation(100, 100);

    frame.setVisible(true);

}

}

转自：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_616e189f0100ne1t.html