动态网页爬取样例（WebCollector+selenium+phantomjs）

目标：动态网页爬取

说明：这里的动态网页指几种可能：1）须要用户交互，如常见的登录操作；2）网页通过JS / AJAX动态生成。如一个html里有<div id="test"></div>，通过JS生成<div id="test"><span>aaa</span></div>。

这里用了WebCollector 2进行爬虫，这东东也方便，只是要支持动态关键还是要靠另外一个API -- selenium 2（集成htmlunit 和 phantomjs）.

1）须要登录后的爬取，如新浪微博

import java.util.Set;

import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.crawler.DeepCrawler;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Links;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.net.HttpRequesterImpl;

import org.openqa.selenium.Cookie;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Element;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;

/*
 * 登录后爬取
 * Refer: http://nutcher.org/topics/33
 * https://github.com/CrawlScript/WebCollector/blob/master/README.zh-cn.md
 * Lib required: webcollector-2.07-bin, selenium-java-2.44.0 & its lib
 */
public class WebCollector1 extends DeepCrawler {

	public WebCollector1(String crawlPath) {
		super(crawlPath);
		/*获取新浪微博的cookie，账号密码以明文形式传输。请使用小号*/
		try {
			String cookie=WebCollector1.WeiboCN.getSinaCookie("yourAccount", "yourPwd");
			HttpRequesterImpl myRequester=(HttpRequesterImpl) this.getHttpRequester();
	        myRequester.setCookie(cookie);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Override
    public Links visitAndGetNextLinks(Page page) {
    	/*抽取微博*/
        Elements weibos=page.getDoc().select("div.c");
        for(Element weibo:weibos){
            System.out.println(weibo.text());
        }
        /*假设要爬取评论，这里能够抽取评论页面的URL。返回*/
        return null;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WebCollector1 crawler=new WebCollector1("/home/hu/data/weibo");
        crawler.setThreads(3);
        /*对某人微博前5页进行爬取*/
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            crawler.addSeed("http://weibo.cn/zhouhongyi?vt=4&page="+i);
        }
        try {
			crawler.start(1);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	public static class WeiboCN {

	    /**
	     * 获取新浪微博的cookie。这种方法针对weibo.cn有效，对weibo.com无效
	     * weibo.cn以明文形式数据传输。请使用小号
	     * @param username 新浪微博用户名
	     * @param password 新浪微博密码
	     * @return
	     * @throws Exception
	     */
	    public static String getSinaCookie(String username, String password) throws Exception{
	        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
	        HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
	        driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
	        driver.get("http://login.weibo.cn/login/");

	        WebElement mobile = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=mobile]");
	        mobile.sendKeys(username);
	        WebElement pass = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name^=password]");
	        pass.sendKeys(password);
	        WebElement rem = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=remember]");
	        rem.click();
	        WebElement submit = driver.findElementByCssSelector("input[name=submit]");
	        submit.click();

	        Set<Cookie> cookieSet = driver.manage().getCookies();
	        driver.close();
	        for (Cookie cookie : cookieSet) {
	            sb.append(cookie.getName()+"="+cookie.getValue()+";");
	        }
	        String result=sb.toString();
	        if(result.contains("gsid_CTandWM")){
	            return result;
	        }else{
	            throw new Exception("weibo login failed");
	        }
	    }
	}

}

* 这里有个自己定义路径/home/hu/data/weibo（WebCollector1 crawler=new WebCollector1("/home/hu/data/weibo");），是用来保存到嵌入式数据库Berkeley DB。

* 整体上来自Webcollector 作者的sample。

2）JS动态生成HTML元素的爬取

import java.util.List;

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.crawler.DeepCrawler;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Links;
import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;

/*
 * JS爬取
 * Refer: http://blog.csdn.net/smilings/article/details/7395509
 */
public class WebCollector3 extends DeepCrawler {

	public WebCollector3(String crawlPath) {
		super(crawlPath);
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	@Override
	public Links visitAndGetNextLinks(Page page) {
		/*HtmlUnitDriver能够抽取JS生成的数据*/
//		HtmlUnitDriver driver=PageUtils.getDriver(page,BrowserVersion.CHROME);
//		String content = PageUtils.getPhantomJSDriver(page);
        WebDriver driver = PageUtils.getWebDriver(page);
//        List<WebElement> divInfos=driver.findElementsByCssSelector("#feed_content");
        List<WebElement> divInfos=driver.findElements(By.cssSelector("#feed_content span"));
        for(WebElement divInfo:divInfos){
            System.out.println("Text是：" + divInfo.getText());
        }
        return null;
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		WebCollector3 crawler=new WebCollector3("/home/hu/data/wb");
        for(int page=1;page<=5;page++)
//        crawler.addSeed("http://www.sogou.com/web?query="+URLEncoder.encode("编程")+"&page="+page);
        crawler.addSeed("http://cq.qq.com/baoliao/detail.htm?294064");
        try {
			crawler.start(1);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

PageUtils.java

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.htmlunit.HtmlUnitDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.ie.InternetExplorerDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.phantomjs.PhantomJSDriver;

import com.gargoylesoftware.htmlunit.BrowserVersion;

import cn.edu.hfut.dmic.webcollector.model.Page;

public class PageUtils {
	public static HtmlUnitDriver getDriver(Page page) {
        HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
        driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
        driver.get(page.getUrl());
        return driver;
    }

    public static HtmlUnitDriver getDriver(Page page, BrowserVersion browserVersion) {
        HtmlUnitDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(browserVersion);
        driver.setJavascriptEnabled(true);
        driver.get(page.getUrl());
    	return driver;
    }

    public static WebDriver getWebDriver(Page page) {
//    	WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver(true);

//    	System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\chromedriver.exe");
//    	WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

    	System.setProperty("phantomjs.binary.path", "D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\phantomjs-2.0.0-windows\\bin\\phantomjs.exe");
    	WebDriver driver = new PhantomJSDriver();
    	driver.get(page.getUrl());

//    	JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
//    	js.executeScript("function(){}");
    	return driver;
    }

    public static String getPhantomJSDriver(Page page) {
    	Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();
    	Process process = null;
    	try {
			process = rt.exec("D:\\Installs\\Develop\\crawling\\phantomjs-2.0.0-windows\\bin\\phantomjs.exe " +
			"D:\\workspace\\crawlTest1\\src\\crawlTest1\\parser.js " +
			page.getUrl().trim());
			InputStream in = process.getInputStream();
			InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(
					in, "UTF-8");
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
			StringBuffer sbf = new StringBuffer();
			String tmp = "";
			while((tmp = br.readLine())!=null){
                sbf.append(tmp);
            }
			return sbf.toString();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

    	return null;
    }
}

2.1）HtmlUnitDriver getDriver是selenium 1.x的作法，已经outdate了，如今用WebDriver getWebDriver

2.2）这里用了几种方法：HtmlUnitDriver, ChromeDriver, PhantomJSDriver, PhantomJS，參考 http://blog.csdn.net/five3/article/details/19085303。各自之间的优缺点例如以下：

driver类型	长处	缺点	应用
真实浏览器driver	真实模拟用户行为	效率、稳定性低	兼容性測试
HtmlUnit	速度快	js引擎不是主流的浏览器支持的	包括少量js的页面測试
PhantomJS	速度中等、模拟行为接近真实	不能模拟不同/特定浏览器的行为	非GUI的功能性測试

* 真实浏览器driver 包含 Firefox, Chrome, IE

2.3）用PhantomJSDriver的时候，遇上错误：ClassNotFoundException: org.openqa.selenium.browserlaunchers.Proxies，原因居然是selenium 2.44 的bug。后来通过maven找到phantomjsdriver-1.2.1.jar 才攻克了。

2.4）另外。我还试了PhantomJS 原生调用（也就是不用selenium，直接调用PhantomJS。见上面的方法）。原生要调用JS，这里的parser.js代码例如以下：

system = require('system')
address = system.args[1];//获得命令行第二个參数 接下来会用到
//console.log('Loading a web page');
var page = require('webpage').create();
var url = address;
//console.log(url);
page.open(url, function (status) {
    //Page is loaded!
    if (status !== 'success') {
        console.log('Unable to post!');
    } else {
    //此处的打印，是将结果一流的形式output到java中，java通过InputStream能够获取该输出内容
        console.log(page.content);
    }
    phantom.exit();
});

3）后话

3.1）HtmlUnitDriver + PhantomJSDriver是当前最可靠的动态抓取方案。

3.2）这过程中用到非常多包、exe，遇到非常多的墙~，有须要的朋友能够找我要。

Reference

http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/1309_fengyq_seleniumvswebdriver/

http://blog.csdn.net/smilings/article/details/7395509

http://phantomjs.org/download.html

http://blog.csdn.net/five3/article/details/19085303

http://phantomjs.org/quick-start.html

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