在CentOS中安装和使用nginx

概述

本文简单讲述一下，如何快速将一个内网的Web服务通过nginx提供给外网访问，并且启用HTTPS。例如我们部署了一个kubesphere，地址为192.168.202.151:30880，需要通过nginx来提供给外网访问，我们来看看在CentOS上如何进行快速部署。

安装

首先我们通过yum来安装nginx相关的服务

yum install -y nginx

安装完毕之后，我们启动nginx，并检查nginx状态

# 启动nginx
systemctl start nginx

# 查看nginx服务状态
systemctl status nginx

服务正常运行之后，接下来我们创建一个目录，将我们的证书文件放入其中，个人使用可以从阿里云或者腾讯云等云平台申请免费的证书

# 创建目录存放证书，将证书文件复制到里面，示例证书文件为：mstmdev.com_bundle.crt  mstmdev.com.key
mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl_cert/

证书准备完毕之后，我们开始最后一步，编辑我们的nginx配置文件

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

以下为修改后的配置文件，目的是将我们服务器上的http请求全部重定向到https上，并将https上的请求转发到内网服务192.168.202.151:30880之中，让我们可以通过外网域名访问我们的服务。

# For more information on configuration, see:
#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

     upstream kubesphere{
      server 192.168.202.151:30880;
     }
#    server {
#        listen       80;
#        listen       [::]:80;
#        server_name  _;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
#        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;

#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#        location = /404.html {
#        }

#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#        location = /50x.html {
#        }
#    }

    server {
       listen     80;
       server_name  mstmdev.com;
       access_log  /var/log/nginx/mstmdev_com_access.log  main;
       # 将http请求重定向为https
       rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
    }

# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
    server {
        listen       443 ssl http2;
        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
        server_name  gors.cc;
#        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
        # 这里就是配置我们刚才存放的证书文件的路径
        ssl_certificate "/etc/nginx/ssl_cert/mstmdev.com_bundle.crt";
        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/nginx/ssl_cert/mstmdev.com.key";
        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
#        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
#        error_page 404 /404.html;
#            location = /40x.html {
#        }
#
#        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#            location = /50x.html {
#        }

       access_log  /var/log/nginx/https_mstmdev_com.log  main;
       # 将https请求转发到我们的内网服务192.168.202.151:30880中
       location / {
        proxy_pass http://kubesphere/;
       }
    }

}

配置文件修改完毕之后，重启nginx，使配置生效

systemctl restart nginx

此时我们将自己的域名的DNS解析到我们服务器的公网IP地址就可以在外网通过HTTPS地址访问kubesphere后台了。

如果想要在服务器重启后自动启动nginx，可以将其设置为开机启动

systemctl enable nginx

如果不再需要开机启动，将其禁用即可

systemctl disable nginx

更多详细的配置可以参考官方的文档：https://nginx.org/en/docs/