如何使用VIM的Help

很多时候在用到vim的命令的时候，都会去网上搜索，殊不知，如果熟练使用VIM的help，可以达到事半功倍的效果。

下面介绍如何使用VIM的help：

1.      在vim的一般模式中输入：help可以进入vim的help界面

这里面注意：

Ctrl+]     在光标在链接位置的时候，可以直接跳到光标处

:q        退出help返回vim一般模式

其中的表示，要在命令行里输入“:helpi_<ESC>”，而不是输入“:help i_”后，再去按下ESC键。

4.在shell中输入“vimtutor”可以进入vim的 tutor。

其实，我感觉写的最好的vim的初级入门还是这篇文章。这里摘出其中的summary供参考。

vimtutor summary

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LESSON 1 SUMMARY

1.The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.

h (left)  j(down)       k (up)      l(right)

2.To start Vim from the shell prompt type: vim FILENAME <ENTER>

3.To exit Vim type:      <ESC>  :q!   <ENTER>  to trash all changes.

OR type:          <ESC>  :wq  <ENTER>  to save the changes.

4.To delete the character at the cursor type: x

5.To insert or append text type:

i   typeinserted text   <ESC>        insert before the cursor

A   typeappended text   <ESC>         append after the line

NOTE: Pressing <ESC> will place youin Normal mode or will cancel

an unwanted and partially completed command.

Now continue with Lesson 2.

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LESSON 2 SUMMARY

1.To delete from the cursor upto the next word type:    dw

2.To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:    d$

3.To delete a whole line type:    dd

4.To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:  2w

5.The format for a change command is:

operator   [number]  motion

where:

operator - is what to do, such as d  for delete

[number] - is an optional count to repeat the motion

motion   - moves over the text tooperator on, such as  w (word),

$ (to the end of line), etc.

6.To move to the start of the line use a zero: 0

7.To undo previous actions, type:           u (lowercase u)

To undo all the changes on a line, type: U  (capital U)

To undo the undo's, type:                   CTRL-R

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LESSON 3 SUMMARY

1.To put back text that has just been deleted, type   p . This puts the

deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the

line below the cursor).

2.To replace the character under the cursor, type   r  and then the

character you want to have there.

3.The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the

motion takes you.  eg. Type  ce  tochange from the cursor to the end of

the word,  c$  to change to the end of a line.

4.The format for change is:

c  [number]   motion

Now go on to the next lesson.

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LESSON 4 SUMMARY

1.CTRL-G  displays your location in thefile and the file status.

G  moves to the end of the file.

number  G  moves to that line number.

gg  moves to the first line.

2.Typing  /       followedby a phrase searches FORWARD for the phrase.

Typing  ?     followed by a phrase searches BACKWARD for the phrase.

After a search type  n  tofind the next occurrence in the same direction

or  N  to search in the opposite direction.

CTRL-O takes you back to older positions, CTRL-I to newer positions.

3.Typing  %     whilethe cursor is on a (,),[,],{, or } goes to its match.

4.To substitute new for the first old in a line type    :s/old/new

To substitute new for all 'old's on a line type         :s/old/new/g

To substitute phrases between two line #'s type      :#,#s/old/new/g

To substitute all occurrences in the file type          :%s/old/new/g

To ask for confirmation each time add 'c'              :%s/old/new/gc

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LESSON 5 SUMMARY

1.  :!command  executes an external command.

Some useful examples are:

(MS-DOS)      (Unix)

:!dir              :!ls              - shows a directory listing.

:!del FILENAME   :!rm FILENAME   - removes file FILENAME.

2.  :w FILENAME  writes the current Vim file to disk with nameFILENAME.

3.  v  motion :w FILENAME  saves the Visuallyselected lines in file

FILENAME.

4.  :r FILENAME  retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts itbelow the

cursor position.

5.  :r !dir  reads the output of the dir command and putsit below the

cursor position

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LESSON 6 SUMMARY

1.Type  o to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.

Type  O  to open a line ABOVE the cursor.

2.Type  a to insert text AFTER the cursor.

Type  A  to insert text after the end of the line.

3.The  e command moves to the end of a word.

4.The  y operator yanks (copies) text, p  puts (pastes) it.

5.Typing a capital  R  enters Replace mode until  <ESC> is pressed.

6.Typing ":set xxx" sets the option "xxx".  Some options are:

'ic' 'ignorecase' ignore upper/lower case when searching

'is''incsearch'   show partial matches for asearch phrase

'hls''hlsearch'   highlight all matchingphrases

You can either use the long or the short option name.

7.Prepend "no" to switch an option off:   :set noic

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LESSON 7 SUMMARY

1.Type  :help  or press <F1> or <Help>  to open a help window.

2.Type  :help cmd  to find help on  cmd .

3.Type  CTRL-W CTRL-W  to jump to another window

4.Type  :q to close the help window

5.Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.

6.When typing a  :  command, press CTRL-D to see possiblecompletions.

Press <TAB> to use one completion.

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