MySQL 源码安装规范

一

、目录规划

MySQL 的目录包括 base 目录和 data 目录，base 目录存放软件文件，每个版本的软件单
独一个目录，例如/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.19。data 目录存放数据文件，以端口号区分
每个实例，例如我们需要创建一个端口号为 3306 的实例，它的目录就是
/data/mysqldata/3306/{data,binlog,tmp}。 注:一个版本的软件只需要安装一次，即可创
建多个端口号不同的实例(通过初始化命令创建)。

base 目录:

 

 

/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.19

/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.21

/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.27

/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11

/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.13

data 目录

/data/mysqldata/{3306/{data,binlog,tmp},backup,scripts}

/data/mysqldata/{3307/{data,binlog,tmp},backup,scripts}

/data/mysqldata/{3308/{data,binlog,tmp},backup,scripts}

二、MySQL5.6 安装方法

2.1 查看系统中是否安装 mysql(root 用户)

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql

结果显示已安装

mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64

卸载已安装的 mysql:

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mysql-libs-5.1.52-1.el6_0.1.x86_64

2.2 检查是否依赖包已安装，使用以下命令:(root 用户)

rpm -qa make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel 查看系统有没安装相应的包
不存在的依赖包需要安装，使用源安装:

yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel

2.3 创建用户和组(root 用户)

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd mysql

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql

[root@localhost ~]# passwd mysql

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

mysql soft nproc 2047

mysql hard nproc 16384

mysql soft nofile 1024

mysql hard nofile 65536

 

2.4 解压安装包(root 用户)
解压安装包到当前目录:

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz
得到 mysql-5.6.12

2.5 新建 mysql 所需要的目录(root 用户)

新建 mysql 数据目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/{3306/{data,tmp,binlog},backup,scripts}

[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata

2.6 编译安装 mysql(root 用户)

[root@localhost ~]# cd mysql-5.6.12

[root@localhost ~]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12 \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DCOMPILATION_COMMENT='mysql of drizzle' \

-DWITH_READLINE=ON \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysqldata/3306 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

[root@localhost ~]# make && make install

(注:重新运行配置，需要删除 CMakeCache.txt 文件，make 失
败，执行 make clean)

2.7 修改权限和环境变量(root 用户)

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12

vi /home/mysql/.bash_profile

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12/bin:$PATH

2.8 初始化数据库(mysql 用户)

2.8.1 配置参数文件

[root@localhost ~]# su - mysql

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

# The MySql Server

[mysqld]

port = 3306

user = mysql

socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

pid-file = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.pid

basedir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11

datadir = /data/mysqldata/3306/data

tmpdir = /data/mysqldata/3306/tmp

character_set_server = utf8

open_files_limit = 10240

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

sql_mode =
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

skip-name-resolve

server_id = 1

lower_case_table_names = 1

max_connections = 300

log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

autocommit = 0

event_scheduler = 1

# Buffer

max_allowed_packet = 32M

max_heap_table_size = 32M

net_buffer_length = 8K

sort_buffer_size = 512K

join_buffer_size = 256K

read_buffer_size = 512K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K

key_buffer_size = 16M

key_cache_block_size = 4K

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 512K

# Log

log-bin = /data/mysqldata/3306/binlog/master-bin

log-bin-index = /data/mysqldata/3306/binlog/master-bin.index

binlog_cache_size = 4m

max_binlog_cache_size = 8m

max_binlog_size = 256m

binlog_format = mixed

log_output = FILE

log-error = ../mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

slow_query_log_file = ../slow_query.log

general_log = 0

general_log_file = ../general_query.log

expire-logs-days = 14

# InnoDB

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata01.df:1024M:autoextend

innodb_log_file_size = 256M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_buffer_pool_size =512M

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt = (\u@\h)[\d]>\_

default-character-set = utf8

2.8.2 初始化数据库

[mysql@localhost ~]$ cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12

[mysql@localhost ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12/scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldata/3306/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12

2.8.3 启动数据库

[mysql@localhost ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-
file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf &

2.8.4 配置数据库
[mysql@localhost ~]$ mysql

(root@localhost)[(none)]> select user, host from mysql.user;

(root@localhost)[(none)]> delete from mysql.user where host = '::1';

(root@localhost)[(none)]> delete from mysql.user where user = '';

(root@localhost)[(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password('abc123456');

(root@localhost)[(none)]> flush privileges;

(root@localhost)[(none)]> exit;

2.8.5 配置管理脚本

2.8.5.1 创建公共脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

# set env

# check parameter

MYSQL_USER=root

if [ $# -ne 1 ]

then

　　HOST_PORT=3306

else

　　HOST_PORT=$1

fi

2.8.5.2 创建启动脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/startup_mysql.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Startup MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/my.cnf &

2.8.5.3 创建关闭脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/shutdown_mysql.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Shutdown MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uroot -p -S

/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock shutdown

2.8.5.4 创建登录脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysqlplus.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Login MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p -S /data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock

[mysql@localhost ~]$ chmod u+x /data/mysqldata/scripts/*.sh

2.8.5.5 配置环境变量

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/data/mysqldata/scripts:/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.6.12/bin:$PATH

三、MySQL5.7 安装方法

3.1 安装依赖包(root 用户)

yum -y install gcc-c++ ncurses-devel cmake make perl gcc autoconf automake zlib libxml
libgcrypt libtool bison

3.2 安装 boost(root 用户)

先清理掉就的 boost

rpm -qa boost*

yum -y remove boost-*

安装 boost1.59.0(与 mysql-5.7.11 对应的版本)

wget -c
http://liquidtelecom.dl.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.
gz(也可以自己下载下来，解压后放在/usr/local/boost)

mv boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost

3.3 创建用户 mysql(root 用户)

groupadd mysql;

useradd -g mysql mysql

passwd mysql

3.4 创建数据库安装所需目录(root 用户)

mkdir -p /data/mysqldata/{3306/{data,tmp,binlog},backup,scripts}

chown -R mysql:mysql mysqldata

3.5 设置 mysql 操作系统资源(root 用户)

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

mysql soft nproc 2047

mysql hard nproc 16384

mysql soft nofile 1024

mysql hard nofile 65536

3.6 解压编译安装(root 用户)

tar zxvf mysql-5.7.11.tar.gz

cd mysql-5.7.11

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11 \

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \

-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \

-DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysqldata/3306 \

-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock \

-DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 \

-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost

若编译错误删除 CMakeCache.txt，然后重新编译;make 失败后执行 make clean 进
行清理。

make && make install --注意 make 是内存使用量会超过 2G

注意事项：

如安装失败重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

make clean
rm -f CMakeCache.txt
 rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

3.7 修改权限和环境变量(root 用户)

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11

vi /home/mysql/.bash_profile

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11/bin:$PATH

3.8 配置参数文件(mysql 用户)

su - mysql

vi /data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

# The MySql Server

[mysqld]

port = 3306

user = mysql

socket = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.sock

pid-file = /data/mysqldata/3306/mysql.pid

basedir = /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11

datadir = /data/mysqldata/3306/data

tmpdir = /data/mysqldata/3306/tmp

character_set_server = utf8

open_files_limit = 10240

explicit_defaults_for_timestamp

sql_mode =
ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_
FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

skip-name-resolve

server_id = 1

lower_case_table_names = 1

max_connections = 300

log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

autocommit = 0

event_scheduler = 1

# Buffer

max_allowed_packet = 32M

max_heap_table_size = 32M

net_buffer_length = 8K

sort_buffer_size = 512K

join_buffer_size = 256K

read_buffer_size = 512K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K

key_buffer_size = 16M

key_cache_block_size = 4K

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 512K

# Log

log-bin = /data/mysqldata/3306/binlog/master-bin

log-bin-index = /data/mysqldata/3306/binlog/master-bin.index

binlog_cache_size = 4m

max_binlog_cache_size = 8m

max_binlog_size = 256m

binlog_format = mixed

log_output = FILE

log-error = ../mysql-error.log

slow_query_log = 1

slow_query_log_file = ../slow_query.log

general_log = 0

general_log_file = ../general_query.log

expire-logs-days = 14

# InnoDB

innodb_data_file_path = ibdata01.df:1024M:autoextend

innodb_log_file_size = 256M

innodb_log_files_in_group = 3

innodb_buffer_pool_size =512M

innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

prompt = (\u@\h)[\d]>\_

default-character-set = utf8

3.9 初始化数据库(mysql 用户)

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11

bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf --initialize

从 mysql 错误日志文件查看最后一行生成随机密码。

cd /data/mysqldata/3306/

tail -1 mysql-error.log

3.10 启动服务(mysql 用户)

cd /usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11/bin

./mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysqldata/3306/my.cnf &

3.11 配置用户(mysql 用户)

mysql -uroot -p --输入刚才生成的密码

alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123456';

select user, host from mysql.user;

或者

update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('abc123456') where user='root'
and host = 'localhost';

或者

set password = password('abc123456');

flush privileges;

3.12 启动脚本

3.12.1 创建公共脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

# set env

MYSQL_USER=root

# check parameter

if [ $# -ne 1 ]

then

　　HOST_PORT=3306

else

　　HOST_PORT=$1

fi

3.12.2 创建启动脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/startup_mysql.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Startup MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe file=/data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/my.cnf &

3.12.3 创建关闭脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/shutdown_mysql.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Shutdown MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u${MYSQL_USER}  -p -S /data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock shutdown

3.12.4 创建登录脚本

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysqlplus.sh

#!/bin/sh

source /data/mysqldata/scripts/mysql_env.ini

echo "Login MySql Service: localhost_"${HOST_PORT}  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u${MYSQL_USER}  -p -S /data/mysqldata/${HOST_PORT}/mysql.sock

[mysql@localhost ~]$ chmod u+x /data/mysqldata/scripts/*.sh

3.12.5 配置环境变量

[mysql@localhost ~]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export PATH=/data/mysqldata/scripts:/usr/local/mysql/mysql5.7.11/bin:$PATH