爬虫框架Scrapy入门——爬取acg12某页面

1.安装
1.1自行安装python3环境
1.2ide使用pycharm
1.3安装scrapy框架
2.入门案例
2.1新建项目工程
2.2配置settings文件
2.3新建爬虫app
新建app
将start_urls的值修改为需要爬取的第一个url
修改parse()方法
然后运行一下看看，在mySpider目录下执行：

1.安装

1.1自行安装python3环境

1.2ide使用pycharm

1.3安装scrapy框架

pip install twisted
pip install lxml
pip install scrapy

2.入门案例

2.1新建项目工程

scrapy startproject mySpider

2.2配置settings文件

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

USER_AGENT_LIST = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; 360SE)",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1" \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", \
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
]
ua = random.choice(USER_AGENT_LIST)
if ua:
    USER_AGENT = ua
    print(ua)
else:
    USER_AGENT = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"

#是否遵守robots规则
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
#线程数量
CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
#下载延迟单位秒
DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
#cookies开关，建议禁用
COOKIES_ENABLED = False

2.3新建爬虫app

新建app

在spiders目录下

scrapy genspider acg12 "acg12.com"

要建立一个Spider， 你必须用scrapy.Spider类创建一个子类，并确定了三个强制的属性 和 一个方法。

• name = "" ：这个爬虫的识别名称，必须是唯一的，在不同的爬虫必须定义不同的名字。
• allow_domains = [] 是搜索的域名范围，也就是爬虫的约束区域，规定爬虫只爬取这个域名下的网页，不存在的URL会被忽略。
• start_urls = () ：爬取的URL元祖/列表。爬虫从这里开始抓取数据，所以，第一次下载的数据将会从这些urls开始。其他子URL将会从这些起始URL中继承性生成。
• parse(self, response) ：解析的方法，每个初始URL完成下载后将被调用，调用的时候传入从每一个URL传回的Response对象来作为唯一参数，主要作用如下：
  1. 负责解析返回的网页数据(response.body)，提取结构化数据(生成item)
  2. 生成需要下一页的URL请求。

将start_urls的值修改为需要爬取的第一个url

start_urls = ("https://acg12.com/274004/",) #这个网页可能坏掉换一个新的

修改parse()方法

def parse(self, response):
    with open("acg12.html", "w"，encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.write(response.text)

然后运行一下看看，在mySpider目录下执行：

scrapy crawl acg12

是的，就是 acg12，看上面代码，它是 Acg12Spider 类的 name 属性，也就是使用 scrapy genspider命令的爬虫名。