rustup 使用

rustup 可以帮助我们安装不同版本的rust 编程需要的工具连，同时可以方便的进行不同版本
之间的切换，类似nodejs 的nvm,n, ruby 的 rvm python 的 venv 。。。

rustup 基本使用

我们在首次使用安装脚本，或者安装包安装完成rust 之后就会附带rustup了，对于需要使用不同版本
的流程如下：

• 选择一个版本，rust 提供了不同的channnel(nightly,stabel,beta. date 格式..)
• 使用rustup install 指定版本，或者rustup toolchain install
• 指定rustup default version 进行版本切换
• 使用rustup toolchain list 或者rustup show检查切换配置

rustup 帮助

• toolchain

rustup-toolchain 

Modify or query the installed toolchains

USAGE:

    rustup toolchain <SUBCOMMAND>

​

FLAGS:

    -h, --help Prints help information

​

SUBCOMMANDS:

    list List installed toolchains

    install Install or update a given toolchain

    uninstall Uninstall a toolchain

    link Create a custom toolchain by symlinking to a directory

    help Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)

​

DISCUSSION:

    Many `rustup` commands deal with *toolchains*, a single

    installation of the Rust compiler. `rustup` supports multiple

    types of toolchains. The most basic track the official release

    channels: 'stable', 'beta' and 'nightly'; but `rustup` can also

    install toolchains from the official archives, for alternate host

    platforms, and from local builds.

​

    Standard release channel toolchain names have the following form:

​

        <channel>[-<date>][-<host>]

​

        <channel> = stable|beta|nightly|<version>

        <date> = YYYY-MM-DD

        <host> = <target-triple>

​

    'channel' is either a named release channel or an explicit version

    number, such as '1.8.0'. Channel names can be optionally appended

    with an archive date, as in 'nightly-2017-05-09', in which case

    the toolchain is downloaded from the archive for that date.

​

    Finally, the host may be specified as a target triple. This is

    most useful for installing a 32-bit compiler on a 64-bit platform,

    or for installing the [MSVC-based toolchain] on Windows. For

    example:

​

        $ rustup toolchain install stable-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc

​

    For convenience, elements of the target triple that are omitted

    will be inferred, so the above could be written:

​

        $ rustup default stable-msvc

​

    rustup can also manage symlinked local toolchain builds, which are

    often used to for developing Rust itself. For more information see

    `rustup toolchain help link`.

一个简单安装例子

比如我们需要安装一个nightly-2019-01-17 , 这个格式遵循上边的约定

• 安装如下：

rustup toolchain install nightly-2019-01-17

信息如下：

可以看出信息还是很详细的（我们同时也知道了版本）

rustup toolchain install nightly-2019-01-17

info: syncing channel updates for 'nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin'

316.6 KiB / 316.6 KiB (100 %) 223.0 KiB/s in 1s ETA: 0s

info: latest update on 2019-01-17, rust version 1.33.0-nightly (ceb251214 2019-01-16)

info: downloading component 'rustc'

 78.6 MiB / 78.6 MiB (100 %) 537.6 KiB/s in 3m 6s ETA: 0s    

info: downloading component 'rust-std'

 48.0 MiB / 51.3 MiB ( 94 %) 44.8 KiB/s in 3m 14s ETA: 1m 15s

 48.0 MiB / 51.3 MiB ( 94 %) 48.0 KiB/s in 3m 16s ETA: 1m 8s

 51.3 MiB / 51.3 MiB (100 %) 282.4 KiB/s in 3m 36s ETA: 0s    

info: downloading component 'cargo'

  3.4 MiB / 3.4 MiB (100 %) 388.1 KiB/s in 9s ETA: 0s 

info: downloading component 'rust-docs'

  8.5 MiB / 8.5 MiB (100 %) 606.9 KiB/s in 18s ETA: 0s

info: installing component 'rustc'

 78.6 MiB / 78.6 MiB (100 %) 8.9 MiB/s in 7s ETA: 0s

info: installing component 'rust-std'

 51.3 MiB / 51.3 MiB (100 %) 12.1 MiB/s in 4s ETA: 0s

info: installing component 'cargo'

info: installing component 'rust-docs'

  8.5 MiB / 8.5 MiB (100 %) 1.3 MiB/s in 6s ETA: 0s

  nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin installed - rustc 1.33.0-nightly (ceb251214 2019-01-16)

info: checking for self-updates

 

• 启动新的为default

rustup default nightly-2019-01-17

• 查看toolchain

rustup toolchain list                       

效果：

stable-x86_64-apple-darwin

nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin (default)

nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin

 

• 配置default

  我们可以使用 <channel>[-<date>][-<host>] 格式，也可以使用 toolchain list 看到的版本

rustup default nightly-2019-01-17

效果

info: using existing install for 'nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin'

info: default toolchain set to 'nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin'

  nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin unchanged - rustc 1.33.0-nightly (ceb251214 2019-01-16)

• 检查default

rustup show

效果：

Default host: x86_64-apple-darwin

installed toolchains

--------------------

​

stable-x86_64-apple-darwin

nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin (default)

nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin

​

active toolchain

----------------

​

nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin (default)

rustc 1.33.0-nightly (ceb251214 2019-01-16)

 

 

或者：

rustup toolchain list

效果：

stable-x86_64-apple-darwin

nightly-2019-01-17-x86_64-apple-darwin (default)

nightly-x86_64-apple-darwin

说明

因为rust 语言的变动，可能经常碰到编译问题（依赖别人的包），通过rustup 的版本管理，基本上可以解决我们
实际碰到的问题，同时对于不同版本包的问题，可以结合github 的issue 进行查看（好多时候都会找到的）

参考资料

https://forge.rust-lang.org/channel-layout.html
https://forge.rust-lang.org/
https://forge.rust-lang.org/releases.html
https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup-components-history/index.html