oracle中的用户详解 【转】

 

oracle中的用户很多,也很令初学者费解.
oracle中的帐户分为两类:一类是必需的帐户,一类是存储各种应用的帐户

用户名	密码	描述
ANONYMOUS	ANONYMOUS	访问http的匿名用户帐户
CTXSYS	CTXSYS	interMedia Text用户
DBSNMP	DBSNMP	目录集成平台用户
EXFSYS	EXFSYS	表达式过滤器用户
MDDATA	MDDATA	oracle空间数据帐户
MDSYS	MDSYS	oracle空间数据媒体管理员
MGMT_VIEW	MGMT_VIEW
OLAPSYS	MANGER	用于创建olap元数据
ORDPLUGINS	ORDPLUGINS	oracle ineterMedia,video用户
ORDSYS	ORDSYS	image管理员
OUTLN	OUTLN	拥有connect和resource角色
SCOTT	Tiger	样例帐户
SI_INFORMATN_SCHEMA		静止图像浏览帐户
SYS	用户指定	数据库管理帐户
SYSMAN	OEM_TEMP	企业管理器帐户
SYSTEM	用户指定	数据库管理帐户
WK_TEST	WK_TEST	同wksys
WKPROXY		代理帐户
WKSYS	WKSYS	同wk_test
WMSYS	WMSYS	工作空间管理帐户
XDB	CHANGE_ON_INSTALL	xml db帐户

默认情况下oracle指对sys,system,dbsnmp,sysman,mgmt_view5个帐户进行了解锁,如果希望其它用户也能登录需要手工进行解锁

show user  显示当前登录系统的用户名
select username,account_status,expiry_date from dba_user; 查看用户状态
alter user outln account unlock; 解锁帐户
grant connect 帖哦outln identified by 123; 用户授权

SCHEMA OVERVIEW

ANONYMOUS
Purpose:
o
Account that allows HTTP access to Oracle XML DB. It is used in place
of the APEX_PUBLIC_USER account when the Embedded PL/SQL Gateway (EPG)
is installed in the database. EPG is a Web server that can be used with
Oracle Database. It provides the necessary infrastructure to create
dynamic applications. See also XDB.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql

APEX_030200
Purpose:
o
Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously
named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development
environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create
web based applications. The account owns the Application Express schema
and metadata. See also APEX_PUBLIC_USER and FLOW_FILES.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql

APEX_PUBLIC_USER
Purpose:
o
Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously
named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development
environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create
web based applications. This minimally privileged account is used for
Application Express configuration with Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql.
See also APEX_030200 and FLOW_FILES.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql

APPQOSSYS
Purpose:
o Used for storing/managing all data and metadata required by Oracle Quality of Service Management.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_ADMIN/rdbms/admin/catqos.sql

BI
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Business Intelligence schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also HR, OE, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/bus_intelligence/bi_main.sql

CTXSYS
Purpose:
o
The account used to administer Oracle Text. Oracle Text enables the
building of text query applications and document classification
applications. It provides indexing, word and theme searching, and
viewing capabilities for text.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ctx/admin/ctxsys.sql

DBSNMP
Purpose:
o
The account used by the Management Agent component of Oracle Enterprise
Manager to monitor and manage the database. Password is created at
installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catnsnmp.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catsnmp.sql

DIP
Purpose:
o
The account used by the Directory Integration Platform. (DIP) to
synchronize the changes in Oracle Internet Directory with the
applications in the database.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catdip.sql

EXFSYS
Purpose:
o
The account used internally to access the EXFSYS schema, which is
associated with the Rules Manager and Expression Filter feature. This
feature enables the building of complex PL/SQL rules and expressions.
The EXFSYS schema contains the Rules Manager and Expression Filter DDL,
DML, and associated metadata.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/exfsys.sql

FLOW_FILES
Purpose:
o
Part of the Oracle Application Express Suite - (Oracle APEX, previously
named Oracle HTML DB) which is a freeware software development
environment. It allows a fast development cycle to be achieved to create
web based applications. This account owns the Application Express
uploaded files. See also APEX_030200 and APEX_PUBLIC_USER.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/apex/apexins.sql

HR
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Human Resources schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, OE, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/human_resources/hr_main.sql

IX
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Information Transport schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, OE, SH and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/info_exchange/ix_main.sql

MDDATA
Purpose:
o
The schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing Geocoder and router data.
See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/catmd.sql

MDSYS
Purpose:
o
The Oracle Spatial and Oracle Multimedia Locator administrator account.
See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , MDDATA and SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

MGMT_VIEW
Purpose:
o
An account used by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. Password
is randomly generated at installation or database creation time. Users
do not need to know this password.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/admin/emdrep/bin/RepManager

OE
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Order Entry schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, SH, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ demo/schema/order_entry/oe_main.sql

OLAPSYS
Purpose:
o
The account that owns the OLAP Catalog (CWMLite). This account has been
deprecated, but is retained for backward compatibility.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/olap/admin/amdsys.sql

ORACLE_OCM
Purpose:
o This account contains the instrumentation for configuration collection used by the Oracle Configuration Manager.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catocm.sql

ORDDATA
Purpose:
o This account contains the Oracle Multimedia DICOM data model.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordisysc.sql

ORDPLUGINS
Purpose:
o
The Oracle Multimedia user. Plug-ins supplied by Oracle and
third-party, format plug-ins are installed in this schema. Oracle
Multimedia enables Oracle Database to store, manage, and retrieve
images, audio, video, DICOM format medical images and other objects, or
other heterogeneous media data integrated with other enterprise
information. See also ORDSYS and SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

ORDSYS
Purpose:
o The Oracle Multimedia administrator account. See also ORDPLUGINS and SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

OUTLN
Purpose:
o
The account that supports plan stability. Plan stability prevents
certain database environment changes from affecting the performance
characteristics of applications by preserving execution plans in stored
outlines. OUTLN acts as a role to centrally manage metadata associated
with stored outlines.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.

OWBSYS
Purpose:
o
The account for administrating the Oracle Warehouse Builder repository.
Access this account during the installation process to define the base
language of the repository and to define Warehouse Builder workspaces
and users. A data warehouse is a relational or multidimensional database
that is designed for query and analysis. See also OWBSYS_AUDIT.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql

OWBSYS_AUDIT
Purpose:
o
This account is used by the Warehouse Builder Control Center Agent to
access the heterogeneous execution audit tables in the OWBSYS schema.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/owb/UnifiedRepos/cat_owb.sql

PM
Purpose:
o The account that owns the Product Media schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. See also BI, HR, OE, SH and IX.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/product_media/pm_main.sql

SCOTT
Purpose:
o An account used by Oracle sample programs and examples.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlsampl.sql

SH
Purpose:
o
The account that owns the Sales History schema included in the Oracle
Sample Schemas and is only available for Enterprise Edition
installations. See also BI, HR, OE, IX and PM.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes – run $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/drop_sch.sql
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/demo/schema/sales_history/sh_main.sql

SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA
Purpose:
o The account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard. See also ORDPLUGINS and ORDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ord/admin/ordinst.sql

SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR
Purpose:
o
The Catalog Services for the Web (CSW) account. It is used by the
Oracle Spatial CSW cache manager to load all record type metadata, and
record instances from the database into the main memory for the record
types that are cached. See also SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR, MDDATA and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/sdocswpv.sql

SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_USR
Purpose:
o
The Web Feature Service (WFS) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial
WFS cache manager to load all feature type metadata, and feature
instances from the database into main memory for the feature types that
are cached. See also SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_USR , MDDATA and MDSYS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/md/admin/sdowfspv.sql

SYS
Purpose:
o An account used to perform. database administration tasks. Password is created at installation or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.

SYSMAN
Purpose:
o
The account used to perform. Oracle Enterprise Manager database
administration tasks. The SYS and SYSTEM accounts can also perform.
these tasks. Password is created at installation or database creation
time.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o Created as part of the dbconsole or Enterprise Manager build.

SYSTEM
Purpose:
o
A default generic database administrator account for Oracle databases.
For production systems, Oracle recommends creating individual database
administrator accounts and not using the generic SYSTEM account for
database administration operations. Password is created at installation
or database creation time.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.

WMSYS
Purpose:
o The account used to store the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/owmctab.plb

XDB
Purpose:
o The account used for storing Oracle XML DB data and metadata. See also ANONYMOUS.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql

XS$NULL
Purpose:
o
An internal account that represents the absence of a user in a session.
Because XS$NULL is not a user, this account can only be accessed by the
Oracle Database instance. XS$NULL has no privileges and no one can
authenticate as XS$NULL, nor can authentication credentials ever be
assigned to XS$NULL.
Safe To Remove:
o No
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq. Recover from backup or recreate the database.

OTHER ADMINISTRATIVE SCHEMA
The
schema listed below are not installed by default, but can be built
using the creation script(s) cited and any necessary additional steps as
prescribed by the appropriate Oracle manual.

LBACSYS
Purpose:
o
The account used to administer Oracle Label Security (OLS). It is
created only when the Label Security custom option is installed.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catlbacs.sql

WK_TEST
Purpose:
o
The instance administrator for the default instance, WK_INST. After
unlocking this account and assigning this user a password, then the
cached schema password must also be updated using the administration
tool Edit Instance Page. Ultra Search provides uniform.
search-and-location capabilities over multiple repositories, such as
Oracle databases, other ODBC compliant databases, IMAP mail servers,
HTML documents managed by a Web server, files on disk, and more. See
also WKSYS
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql

WKSYS
Purpose:
o
An Ultra Search database super-user. WKSYS can grant super-user
privileges to other users, such as WK_TEST. All Oracle Ultra Search
database objects are installed in the WKSYS schema. See also WK_TEST
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql

WKPROXY
Purpose:
o An administrative account of Application Server Ultra Search.
Safe To Remove:
o Yes
Recreation Script.:
o $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql