Windows 程序设计

一、Win32 API

 /********************************************************************
 created:    2014/04/14 15:30
 filename:    WinMain.c
 author:        Justme0 (http://blog.csdn.net/justme0)

 purpose:    Win32 API
 *********************************************************************/

 #include <windows.h>
 #include <string.h>

 WCHAR *strText = L"请单击本窗口用户区";

 /*
 ** 某事件发生时，处理该事件对应的消息
 */
 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
     HWND hWindow,
     UINT message,
     WPARAM wParam,
     LPARAM IParam)
 {
     PAINTSTRUCT ps;
     HDC hdc;

     switch (message) {
     case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
         strText = L"Hello, world!";
         InvalidateRect(hWindow, NULL, );
         break;

     case WM_PAINT:
         hdc = BeginPaint(hWindow, &ps);

         TextOut(hdc, , , strText, wcslen(strText));
         EndPaint(hWindow, &ps);
         break;

     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         break;

     default:
         return DefWindowProc(hWindow, message, wParam, IParam);
     }

     return ;
 }

 /*
 ** 注册窗口，该窗口的名字是 wndName
 */
 ATOM Register(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *wndName) {
     WNDCLASS wnd;
     wnd.cbClsExtra = ;
     wnd.cbWndExtra = ;
     wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
     wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
     wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
     wnd.hInstance = hInstance;
     wnd.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
     wnd.lpszClassName = wndName;
     wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;
     wnd.style = ;

     return RegisterClass(&wnd);
 }

 /*
 ** 创建窗口，返回窗口句柄
 */
 HWND Create(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *lpszClassName) {
     return CreateWindow(
         lpszClassName,
         L"My Window",
         WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
         , , , ,
         NULL,
         NULL,
         hInstance,
         NULL);
 }

 /*
 ** 消息循环
 */
 int Run() {
     MSG msg;
     while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , )) {
         TranslateMessage(&msg);
         DispatchMessage(&msg);
     }

     return msg.wParam;
 }

 int WINAPI WinMain(
     HINSTANCE hInstance,
     HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
     LPSTR lpCmdLine,
     int nCmdShow)
 {
     HWND hWnd = NULL;                        // 窗口句柄
     WCHAR wndName[] = L"Window_ClassName";    // 窗口名

     Register(hInstance, wndName);
     hWnd = Create(hInstance, wndName);
     ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
     UpdateWindow(hWnd);

     return Run();
 }

二、OO模拟MFC

 /********************************************************************
     created:    2014/04/14 20:37
     filename:    WinMain.cpp
     author:        Justme0 (http://blog.csdn.net/justme0)

     purpose:    Windows程序设计，用 OO 模拟 MFC
 *********************************************************************/

 #include <Windows.h>

 WCHAR *strText = L"请单击本窗口用户区";

 /*
 ** 某事件发生时，处理该事件对应的消息
 */
 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
     HWND hWindow,
     UINT message,
     WPARAM wParam,
     LPARAM IParam)
 {
     PAINTSTRUCT ps;
     HDC hdc;

     switch (message) {
     case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
         strText = L"Hello, world!";
         InvalidateRect(hWindow, NULL, );
         break;

     case WM_PAINT:
         hdc = BeginPaint(hWindow, &ps);

         TextOut(hdc, , , strText, wcslen(strText));
         EndPaint(hWindow, &ps);
         break;

     case WM_DESTROY:
         PostQuitMessage();
         break;

     default:
         return DefWindowProc(hWindow, message, wParam, IParam);
     }

     return ;
 }

 /*
 ** 窗体类
 */
 class CFrameWnd {
 protected:
     HWND hWnd;

 public:
     CFrameWnd() : hWnd(NULL) {}

     /*
     ** 注册窗口，该窗口的名字是 className
     */
     ATOM Register(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *className) {
         WNDCLASS wnd;
         wnd.cbClsExtra = ;
         wnd.cbWndExtra = ;
         wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
         wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
         wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
         wnd.hInstance = hInstance;
         wnd.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
         wnd.lpszClassName = className;
         wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;
         wnd.style = ;

         return RegisterClass(&wnd);
     }

     /*
     ** 创建窗口，返回窗口句柄
     */
     void Create(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *className, WCHAR *wndName) {
         this->hWnd = CreateWindow(
             className,
             wndName,
             WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
             , , , ,
             NULL,
             NULL,
             hInstance,
             NULL);
     }

     void ShowWindow(int nCmdShow) {
         ::ShowWindow(this->hWnd, nCmdShow);
     }

     void UpdateWindow() {
         ::UpdateWindow(this->hWnd);
     }
 };

 /*
 ** `应用程序类
 */
 class CWinApp {
 protected:
     CFrameWnd * m_pMainWnd;

 public:
     CWinApp() : m_pMainWnd(NULL) {}

     virtual void InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) {
         m_pMainWnd = new CFrameWnd;

         WCHAR className[] = L"Window_ClassName";    // 窗口类名
         WCHAR wndName[] = L"我的窗口";                // 窗口名
         m_pMainWnd->Register(hInstance, className);
         m_pMainWnd->Create(hInstance, className, wndName);
         m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(nCmdShow);
         m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();
     }

     /*
     ** 消息循环
     */
     int Run() {
         MSG msg;
         while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , )) {
             TranslateMessage(&msg);
             DispatchMessage(&msg);
         }

         return msg.wParam;
     }

     virtual ~CWinApp() {
         delete m_pMainWnd;
     }

 };

 class CWinAppDerived : public CWinApp {
 public:
     void InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) {
         m_pMainWnd = new CFrameWnd;

         WCHAR className[] = L"Window_ClassName";    // 窗口类名
         WCHAR wndName[] = L"用新的 InitInstance 函数的程序";    // 窗口名
         m_pMainWnd->Register(hInstance, className);
         m_pMainWnd->Create(hInstance, className, wndName);
         m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(nCmdShow);
         m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();
     }
 };

 int APIENTRY WinMain(
     __in HINSTANCE hInstance,
     __in_opt HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
     __in LPSTR lpCmdLine,
     __in int nShowCmd)
 {
     CWinApp myApp;    // 或 CWinAppDerived myApp;
     myApp.InitInstance(hInstance, nShowCmd);

     return myApp.Run();
 }

三、消息处理函数的简单封装

 /********************************************************************
 created:    2014/04/14 20:37
 filename:    WinMain.cpp
 author:        Justme0 (http://blog.csdn.net/justme0)

 purpose:    Windows程序设计，用 OO 模拟 MFC
 *********************************************************************/

 #include <Windows.h>

 class CWinApp;
 class CWinAppDerived;
 CWinApp * AfxGetApp();
 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
     HWND hWindow,
     UINT message,
     WPARAM wParam,
     LPARAM IParam);

 WCHAR *gText = L"请单击本窗口用户区";

 /*
 ** 具有处理消息的类
 */
 class CCmdTarget {
 protected:
     HWND hWnd;

 public:
     CCmdTarget() : hWnd(NULL) {}

     /*
     ** 某事件发生时，处理该事件对应的消息
     */
     LRESULT CALLBACK AfxWndProc(
         HWND hWindow,
         UINT message,
         WPARAM wParam,
         LPARAM IParam)
     {
         switch (message) {
         case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
             this->OnLButtonDown();
             break;

         case WM_PAINT: {
             PAINTSTRUCT ps;
             HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWindow, &ps);
             this->OnDraw(hdc);
             EndPaint(hWindow, &ps);
             break; }

         case WM_DESTROY:
             this->OnDestroy();
             break;

         default:
             return DefWindowProc(hWindow, message, wParam, IParam);
         }

         return ;
     }

     virtual void OnLButtonDown() {}

     virtual void OnDestroy() {
         ::PostQuitMessage();
     }

     void OnDraw(HDC hdc) {
         TextOut(hdc, , , gText, wcslen(gText));
     }
 };

 /*
 ** 窗体类
 */
 class CFrameWnd : public CCmdTarget {
 public:
     /*
     ** 注册窗口，该窗口的名字是 className
     */
     ATOM Register(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *className) {
         WNDCLASS wnd;
         wnd.cbClsExtra = ;
         wnd.cbWndExtra = ;
         wnd.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);
         wnd.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
         wnd.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
         wnd.hInstance = hInstance;
         wnd.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
         wnd.lpszClassName = className;
         wnd.lpszMenuName = NULL;
         wnd.style = ;

         return RegisterClass(&wnd);
     }

     /*
     ** 创建窗口，返回窗口句柄
     */
     void Create(HINSTANCE hInstance, WCHAR *className, WCHAR *wndName) {
         this->hWnd = CreateWindow(
             className,
             wndName,
             WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
             , , , ,
             NULL,
             NULL,
             hInstance,
             NULL);
     }

     void ShowWindow(int nCmdShow) {
         ::ShowWindow(this->hWnd, nCmdShow);
     }

     void UpdateWindow() {
         ::UpdateWindow(this->hWnd);
     }
 };

 class CFrameWndDerived : public CFrameWnd {
     void OnLButtonDown() {
         gText = L"重新定义的消息处理";
         InvalidateRect(this->hWnd, NULL, );
     }
 };

 /*
 ** `应用程序类
 */
 class CWinApp {
 public:
     CFrameWnd *m_pMainWnd;
     CWinApp *m_pSelfApp;

 public:
     CWinApp() : m_pMainWnd(NULL) {
         m_pSelfApp = this;    // 不能直接初始化
     }

     virtual void InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) {
         m_pMainWnd = new CFrameWnd;

         WCHAR className[] = L"Window_ClassName";    // 窗口类名
         WCHAR wndName[] = L"CWinApp窗口";                // 窗口名
         m_pMainWnd->Register(hInstance, className);
         m_pMainWnd->Create(hInstance, className, wndName);
         m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(nCmdShow);
         m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();
     }

     /*
     ** 消息循环
     */
     int Run() {
         MSG msg;
         while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, , )) {
             TranslateMessage(&msg);
             DispatchMessage(&msg);
         }

         return msg.wParam;
     }

     virtual ~CWinApp() {
         delete m_pMainWnd;
     }

     friend CWinApp * AfxGetApp();
 };

 /*
 ** 派生的窗体类
 */
 class CWinAppDerived : public CWinApp {
 public:
     void InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow) {
         m_pMainWnd = new CFrameWndDerived;

         WCHAR className[] = L"Window_ClassName";    // 窗口类名
         WCHAR wndName[] = L"CWinAppDerived窗口";    // 窗口名
         m_pMainWnd->Register(hInstance, className);
         m_pMainWnd->Create(hInstance, className, wndName);
         m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow(nCmdShow);
         m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow();
     }
 };

 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(
     HWND hWindow,
     UINT message,
     WPARAM wParam,
     LPARAM IParam)
 {
     CWinApp * pApp = AfxGetApp();
     return pApp->m_pMainWnd->AfxWndProc(hWindow, message, wParam, IParam);
 }

 CWinAppDerived g_myAppDerived;

 CWinApp * AfxGetApp() {
     return g_myAppDerived.m_pSelfApp;
 }

 int APIENTRY WinMain(
     __in HINSTANCE hInstance,
     __in_opt HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
     __in LPSTR lpCmdLine,
     __in int nShowCmd)
 {
     CWinApp *pCWinApp = AfxGetApp();
     pCWinApp->InitInstance(hInstance, nShowCmd);

     return pCWinApp->Run();
 }

运行结果

四、用 MFC 设计的含有消息映射的 Windows 应用程序

 /********************************************************************
 created:    2014/04/16 22:08
 filename:    WinMain.cpp
 author:        Justme0 (http://blog.csdn.net/justme0)

 purpose:    用 MFC 设计的含有消息映射的 Windows 应用程序

 注：在“项目设置”中选择使用 MFC 类库（动态、静态皆可）
 *********************************************************************/

 #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0502

 #include <afxwin.h>

 class CFrameWndDerived : public CFrameWnd {
 private:
     WCHAR *showText;

 public:
     CFrameWndDerived() : showText(L"初始化的字符串") {}

     afx_msg void OnPaint() {
         CPaintDC dc(this);
         dc.TextOut(, , showText);
     }

     afx_msg void OnLButtonDown(UINT, CPoint) {    // 这个参数表针对 VS 编译器
         showText = L"有消息映射表的程序";
         InvalidateRect(NULL, TRUE);
     }

     DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP();
 };

 BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CFrameWndDerived, CFrameWnd)
     ON_WM_PAINT()
     ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN()
 END_MESSAGE_MAP()

 /*
 ** 派生的窗体类
 */
 class CWinAppDerived : public CWinApp {
 public:
     BOOL InitInstance() {
         CFrameWndDerived *pMainWndDerived = new CFrameWndDerived;
         pMainWndDerived->Create(NULL, L"MFC");
         pMainWndDerived->ShowWindow(m_nCmdShow);
         pMainWndDerived->UpdateWindow();
         m_pMainWnd = pMainWndDerived;

         return TRUE;
     }
 };

 CWinAppDerived MyApp;    // 实在费解，程序中哪里引用到了这个全局变量？怎么检测到这个全局变量的？