hadoop伪分布模式安装

软件环境

　　操作系统： OracleLinux-R6-U6

　　主机名：　　hadoop

　　java:　　jdk1.7.0_75

　　hadoop: hadoop-2.4.1

环境搭建

　　1、软件安装

　　由于所需的软件均为绿色包，所以将java和hadoop分别解压到操作系统根目录即可。

[root@hadoop training]# ls -l /

总用量 110

dr-xr-xr-x.   2 root  root   4096 5月  17 19:13 bin

dr-xr-xr-x.   5 root  root   1024 5月  17 17:45 boot

drwxr-xr-x.   2 root  root   4096 10月 15 2014 cgroup

drwxr-xr-x.  19 root  root   3780 5月  18 01:36 dev

drwxr-xr-x. 131 root  root  12288 5月  18 17:59 etc

drwxr-xr-x.  11 67974 users  4096 5月  18 18:22 hadoop-2.4.1

drwxr-xr-x.   2 root  root   4096 11月  1 2011 home

drwxr-xr-x.   8 uucp    143  4096 12月 19 2014 jdk1.7.0_75

　　2、配置环境变量

　　修改profile文件

[root@hadoop training]# cat ~/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

	. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

# set python environment

PYTHON_PATH=/python2.7

export PATH=$PYTHON_PATH/bin:$PATH

# set java environment 分为JAVA JDK CLASSPATH三类

export JAVA_HOME=/jdk1.7.0_75

export JRE_HOME=/jdk1.7.0_75/jre

export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib

export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export HADOOP_HOME=/hadoop-2.4.1

export PATH=$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$PATH

　　修改hosts文件

[root@hadoop ~]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1         localhost

172.10.236.21 hadoop

　　3、hadoop分布式文件配置

　　hadoop的所有配置文件均在/hadoop-2.4.1/etc/hadoop/目录下

　　配置hadoop-env.sh，修改java_home

# The java implementation to use.

export JAVA_HOME=/jdk1.7.0_75

　　配置hdfs-site.xml,伪分布只需要设置一个复制节点即可。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!--

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.

-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>

<property>

	<name>dfs.replication</name>

	<value>1</value>

</property>

</configuration>

　　配置core-site.xml，设置namenode格式化数据的存储目录，操作系统每次重启/tmp目录下的数据被清除，所以需要为namenode数据设置一个别的目录。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!--

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.

-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>

<property>

        <name>fs.defaultFS</name>

        <value>hdfs://hadoop:9000</value>

</property>

<property>

        <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>

        <value>/hadoop-2.4.1/tmp</value>

</property>

</configuration>

　　配置mapred-site.xml，由于默认只有mapred-site.xml.template文件，所以拷贝一份mapred-site.xml.template为mapred-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>

<!--

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.

-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>

<property>

        <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>

        <value>yarn</value>

</property>

</configuration>

　　配置yarn-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<!--

  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");

  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.

  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.

-->

<configuration>

<!-- Site specific YARN configuration properties -->

<property>

        <name>yarn.resourcemanager.hostname</name>

        <value>hadoop</value>

</property>

<property>

        <name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>

        <value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>

</property>

</configuration>

最后一步：　

　　格式化namenode

　　至此hadoop所有配置文件已全部配置完成，现在格式化namenode，以记录处理hadoop分布式信息了。

　　# hdfs namenode -format

……

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 32-bit

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 966.7 MB = 2.4 MB

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^19 = 524288 entries

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 30000

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 32-bit

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 966.7 MB = 297.0 KB

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^16 = 65536 entries

17/05/18 18:28:19 INFO namenode.AclConfigFlag: ACLs enabled? false

17/05/18 18:28:20 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-39137453-172.10.236.21-1495103299866

17/05/18 18:28:20 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /hadoop-2.4.1/tmp/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.

17/05/18 18:28:20 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0

17/05/18 18:28:20 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0

17/05/18 18:28:20 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG:

/************************************************************

SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at hadoop/172.10.236.21

************************************************************/

　　查看格式化信息

[root@hadoop hadoop]# ls /hadoop-2.4.1/tmp/

dfs  nm-local-dir

至此，hadoop环境已经可以使用了，可以通过start-all.sh来启动hadoop所有服务

　　检查进程

[root@hadoop ~]# jps

16570 Jps

15893 DataNode

16461 NodeManager

16179 ResourceManager

16041 SecondaryNameNode

15774 NameNode

hdfs环境可用性测试

创建dfs目录

# hdfs dfs -mkdir /logs

查看创建的目录

# hdfs dfs -ls /

Found 1 items

drwxr-xr-x - root supergroup 0 2017-05-18 18:32 /logs

向新建目录发送数据文件

# hdfs dfs -put install.log /logs

查看文件发送结果

[root@hadoop ~]# hdfs dfs -ls /logs

Found 1 items

-rw-r--r-- 1 root supergroup 57162 2017-05-18 18:32 /logs/install.log

hadoop伪分布模式配置成功并可以使用了。

无密码验证配置

由于每次启动hadoop服务都需要输入密码，对于hadoop集群节点太多的情况下显然不合适，所以需要设置启动hadoop服务无密码的方法。

生成密码文件，并将公钥文件拷贝到hadoop服务器（这里是自己）

# ssh-keygen -t rsa

# 将id_rsa.pub内容拷贝到authorized_keys中

# ssh-copy-id id_rsa.pub hadoop

[root@hadoop ~]# ls ~/.ssh/

authorized_keys  id_rsa  id_rsa.pub  known_hosts

启动hadoop

[root@hadoop ~]# start-all.sh

This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh

Starting namenodes on [hadoop]

The authenticity of host 'hadoop (172.10.236.21)' can't be established.

RSA key fingerprint is b9:d5:64:bb:f9:34:77:22:d7:a7:09:a6:1e:ab:ba:83.

Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes

hadoop: Warning: Permanently added 'hadoop' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.

hadoop: starting namenode, logging to /hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-namenode-hadoop.out

localhost: starting datanode, logging to /hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-datanode-hadoop.out

Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]

0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /hadoop-2.4.1/logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-hadoop.out

starting yarn daemons

starting resourcemanager, logging to /hadoop-2.4.1/logs/yarn-root-resourcemanager-hadoop.out

localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /hadoop-2.4.1/logs/yarn-root-nodemanager-hadoop.out