在 Linux 下用 CMAKE 编译安装 OpenCV 3.2.0

【安装相关软件和库】

　　1.安装CMAKE：这里使用apt-get来安装; CMAKE 是一个跨平台编译工具，能够输出各种makefile,和project 文件，指导编译器编译，对CMAKE具体的可以自行搜索，这里推荐一个链接：

　　http://www.cnblogs.com/lyq105/archive/2010/12/03/1895067.html

在联网下，在终端输入：

　　sudo apt-get install cmake

【编译、安装OPENCV】

　　1.从OPENCV官网下载OpenCV-3.2.0.zip

　　2.建议把OpenCV-3.2.0.zip 移动到主目录下；

　　mv [OpenCV-3.2.0.zip存放路径/opencv3.2.0.zip] ~/opencv_3.2.0.zip

　　3.配置CMAKE相关信息，默认安装目录，编译类型（DEBUG/RELEASE），对相关语言、环境的支持（如QT，Python）,

　　在终端输入：

　　　　cd ~

　　　　unzip opencv_3.2.0.zip

　　　　cd opencv-3.2.0

　　　　cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -D WITH_TBB=ON -D BUILD_NEW_PYTHON_SUPPORT=ON -D WITH_V4L=ON -D WITH_QT=ON -D WITH_OPENGL=ON ..

　　-D WITH_QT=ON 这个选项表示支持QT，-D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local 表示安装目录。

　　网上许多教程，都是建议在OpenCV下新建议个编译结果的目录，但是我尝试了很多种方法，最后直接在解压后的OpenCV 目录下 cmake 才成功了。

　　3.编译

　　在终端输入：

　　　　make -j($nproc)

　　-j表示用几个线程来编译，这样可以加快编译速度，不过这个与makefile的质量有关，有的工程用了-j会编译出错

　　4.安装

　　在终端输入：

　　　　sudo make install

　　5.配置环境变量

　　　　a.添加库路径：

　　　　　　sudo /bin/bash -c 'echo "/usr/local/lib" > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'

　　　　这里使用了标准输出重定向，/usr/local OpenCV安装目录，在lib下有我们的.so库 ，把这“/usr/local/lib” “打印”--echo到/etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf'

　　　　b.更新库路径：

　　　　　　sudo ldconfig

【新建OpenCV的HelloWorld】

一、利用Make 和pkgconfig ，g++ 编译

　　1. pkgconfig 只是提供g++一些-I -L 选项

　　在终端输入：

　　　　　　pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv

　　看到输出一些-I -L选项如下，即pkg-config 安装正确，OpenCV 安装正确。如未安装，请先安装；如果发现不正确，可以修改/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/opencv.pc文件，这个文件就是opencv的目录配置。

　　-I/usr/local/include/opencv -I/usr/local/include -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_shape -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_superres -lopencv_videostab -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_video -lopencv_photo -lopencv_ml -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_flann -lopencv_core

　　2.中间出现的错误和解决方法

g++ -o opencv_test opencv_test.cpp `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv` -Wall 
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libicui18n.so.54, needed by //home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libicuuc.so.54, needed by //home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libicudata.so.54, needed by //home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libpng16.so.16, needed by //home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_clone_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_interlace_handling@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_IHDR@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_io_ptr@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_image_width@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `u_strToLower_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_longjmp_fn@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_gray_to_rgb@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_setMillis_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_bgr@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_valid@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_fromUnicode_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_write_rows@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_getDefaultName_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_PLTE@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_sig_bytes@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_write_chunk@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_pHYs@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_destroy_read_struct@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_inDaylightTime_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_x_pixels_per_meter@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_read_row@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_tRNS@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_get_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_close_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_error_fn@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_openTimeZones_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_toUnicode_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `u_strToUpper_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_close_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_packing@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_read_end@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_getMaxCharSize_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_countAvailable_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_read_fn@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_write_end@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_invert_mono@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_write_fn@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_tRNS@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_create_write_struct@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_getDefaultTimeZone_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_error@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_destroy_write_struct@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_packswap@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_text@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_strip_16@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_create_read_struct@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_oFFs@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `uenum_next_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_getStandardName_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucol_setAttribute_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_PLTE@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_compression_level@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucol_strcoll_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_text@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_setSubstChars_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_filler@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_gAMA@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_getTimeZoneDisplayName_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_openCountryTimeZones_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_open_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucol_open_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_IHDR@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucol_close_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucol_getSortKey_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_expand@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_getAvailableName_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_write_info@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_getDSTSavings_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_openTimeZoneIDEnumeration_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucal_open_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `u_errorName_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `uenum_close_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_oFFs@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_create_info_struct@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_read_update_info@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_write_image@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_gamma@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_getAlias_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_y_pixels_per_meter@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_image_height@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_read_image@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_read_info@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_set_gAMA@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Gui.so.5: undefined reference to `png_get_channels@PNG16_0'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_compareNames_54'
//home/yyh/anaconda2/lib/libQt5Core.so.5: undefined reference to `ucnv_countAliases_54'

原因：QT安装在了用户目录下，当时没有配置环境变量，出现了链接错误：

解决方案：

　　利用export 命令设置环境变量：[Qt安装目录下/version number /gcc_64/lib]

　　在终端输入（或~/.bashrc）：

　　export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/yyh/Qt5.7.1/5.7/gcc_64/lib/

查找Qt路径的方法：

qmake -v

执行 ./opencv_test 出现下面的error，但是直接双击可以执行

This application failed to start because it could not find or load the Qt platform plugin "xcb"
in "".

Available platform plugins are: minimal, offscreen, xcb.

Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.
Aborted (core dumped)

解决方案：

关闭终端重新执行

4.opencv_test.cpp

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <opencv2/imgproc/imgproc.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
using namespace cv;
#define    PICTURE    "./01.jpg"
int main(void)
{
    IplImage* img = cvLoadImage(PICTURE, 0);
    cvNamedWindow( "test", 0 );
    cvShowImage("test", img);
    cvWaitKey(0);
    cvReleaseImage( &img );
    cvDestroyWindow( "test" );
    return 0;
}

5.Makefile(赋值的时候注意TAB键)

CXX       = g++
CFLAGS    = -Wall
LDFLAGS   = `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`

SRCS = $(wildcard *.cpp)
TARGETS = $(patsubst %.cpp, %,$(SRCS))

all:$(TARGETS)
$(TARGETS):$(SRCS)
    $(CXX) -o $@ $< $(LDFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)
clean:
    -rm -rf $(TARGETS) *~ .*swp
.PHONY: clean all

二、在 QT 下使用ＯpenCV

　　我尝试照着网上的教程试了一下，但是运行时出现下面的错误：（先不用到就先放着咯）

　　Starting /home/yyh/workspace/qt/opencv_test/build-opecv_test-Desktop_Qt_5_7_1_GCC_64bit-Debug/opecv_test...

　　Cannot mix incompatible Qt library (version 0x50600) with this library (version 0x50701)

　　The program has unexpectedly finished.

　　/home/yyh/workspace/qt/opencv_test/build-opecv_test-Desktop_Qt_5_7_1_GCC_64bit-Debug/opecv_test crashed.

　　照网络上的说法，应该去删除OpenCV 安装目录下的QT动态库，但是我目前没有找到

【参考链接】

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/14bd256e466474bb6d2612db.html