使用OpenSSL生成证书

使用OpenSSL生成证书

下载安装openssl，进入/bin/下面，执行命令（把ssl目录下的openssl.cnf 拷贝到bin目录下）
1.首先要生成服务器端的私钥(key文件):
openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024
[root@airwaySSL openssl]# cd ssl/
[root@airwaySSL ssl]# pwd
/home/openssl/ssl
[root@airwaySSL ssl]# ls
certs man misc openssl.cnf private server.csr server.key
运行时会提示输入密码,此密码用于加密key文件(参数des3便是指加密算法,当然也可以选用其他你认为安全的算法.),以后每当需读取此文件(通过openssl提供的命令或API)都需输入口令.如果觉得不方便,也可以去除这个口令,但一定要采取其他的保护措施!
去除key文件口令的命令:
openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
2.openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf
[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for server.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

生成Certificate Signing Request（CSR）,生成的csr文件交给CA签名后形成服务端自己的证书.屏幕上将有提示,依照其指示一步一步输入要求的个人信息即可.
3.对客户端也作同样的命令生成key及csr文件:
openssl genrsa -des3 -out client.key 1024

Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
...........++++++
..++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345

openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr -config openssl.cnf

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr -config openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for client.key:12345
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:cn
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:

4.CSR文件必须有CA的签名才可形成证书.可将此文件发送到verisign等地方由它验证,要交一大笔钱,何不自己做CA呢.
openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -config openssl.cnf

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl req -new -x509 -keyout ca.key -out ca.crt -config openssl.cnf
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
...++++++
...................++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
Enter PEM pass phrase:12345
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:china
Locality Name (eg, city) []:wuhan
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:airway
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:airway
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:airway
Email Address []:
在继续下面操作前，将openssl.conf文件打开，查看其dir路径将其修改为dir = /home/openssl/bin/demoCA /，否则下面的步骤会提示路径无法找到。

　　自己手动创建一个CA目录结构：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir ./demoCA
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ mkdir demoCA/newcerts
　　创建个空文件：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/index.txt
　　向文件中写入01：
　　[weigw@TEST bin]$ vi demoCA/serial
5.用生成的CA的证书为刚才生成的server.csr,client.csr文件签名:
openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in server.csr -out server.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
Validity
Not Before: Feb 26 04:15:02 2009 GMT
Not After : Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT
Subject:
countryName = CN
stateOrProvinceName = china
organizationName = airway
organizationalUnitName = airway
commonName = airway
X509v3 extensions:
X509v3 Basic Constraints:
CA:FALSE
Netscape Comment:
OpenSSL Generated Certificate
X509v3 Subject Key Identifier:
30:70:D2:EB:9B:73:AE:7B:0E:8E:F6:94:33:7C:53:5B:EF:93:FC:38
X509v3 Authority Key Identifier:
keyid:DB:D6:83:BB:7F:28:C2:A9:40:6A:D8:32:FC:01:E0:5C:48:27:51:19

Certificate is to be certified until Feb 26 04:15:02 2010 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated

openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf

[root@airwaySSL bin]# openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.crt -cert ca.crt -keyfile ca.key -config openssl.cnf
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ca.key:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The countryName field needed to be the same in the
CA certificate (CN) and the request (cn)
现在我们所需的全部文件便生成了.
另：
client使用的文件有：ca.crt,client.crt,client.key
server使用的文件有：ca.crt,server.crt,server.key