git使用点滴：如何查看commit的内容

在push之前有时候会不放心是不是忘记加某些文件，或者是不是多删了个什么东西，这时候希望能够看看上次commit都做了些什么。

一开始想到的是用Git diff，但是git diff用于当前修改尚未commit的时候较为方便，一旦commit后，需要指定上次节点的名称（一个hash值），不方便。这种时候用git log更合适，因为commit的内容会以log来记录。

下面记录几个常用的情境以及对应的命令。

仅仅想看最近谁有提交，以及提交的描述

对应命令 git log

显示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

fill author information in the head of files and format some code

commit 8e8a4a96e134dab8f045937efee35bd710006946 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 04:05:34 2011 +0800

user management is mostly complete

details: 
    add support for account disable/enable 
    rewrite most related views to suit the above need 
    provide two decorators for access control (see README) 
    fixed many errors in Milestone 1

commit 2870cd564371d8ad043d0da426a5770d36412421 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Mon Oct 17 20:19:04 2011 -0400

fix the bug of get_ori_url_from_shorturl().

commit b6cdd881a19ecaff838d5825c3a6b7058fdd498a 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Mon Oct 17 20:17:37 2011 -0400

fix the bug of get_article_from_short_url.

仅仅想看最后一次的提交

对应命令参数 -n 1

显示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date: Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

fill author information in the head of files and format some code

想看到最近一次提交所有更改过的文件

对应命令 git log -n 1 --stat

显示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

fill author information in the head of files and format some code

Site/accounts/decorators.py                        |    2 +- 
Site/accounts/forms.py                             |    1 + 
Site/accounts/models.py                            |    1 + 
Site/accounts/readme                               |    3 ++- 
Site/accounts/templates/account_activate.html      |    1 + 
Site/accounts/templates/account_disabled.html      |    1 + 
…

…

28 files changed, 37 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

想看到最近一次提交所有更改的细节

对应命令 git log -n 1 -p

显示Sample

commit 6305aa81a265f9316b606d3564521c43f0d6c9a3 
Author: XXX 
Date:   Thu Nov 3 11:38:15 2011 +0800

fill author information in the head of files and format some code

diff --git a/Site/accounts/decorators.py b/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
index 22522bc..a6bb440 100755 
--- a/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
+++ b/Site/accounts/decorators.py 
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@ 
#!/usr/bin/env Python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
+# author: Rex Nov. 3, 2011 
from functools import wraps 
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse 
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect 
-from django.utils.decorators import available_attrs 
from Site.accounts.models import UserProfile

def login_required(view_func): 
diff --git a/Site/accounts/forms.py b/Site/accounts/forms.py 
index 016710b..778d92a 100755 
--- a/Site/accounts/forms.py 
+++ b/Site/accounts/forms.py 
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ 
#!/usr/bin/env python 
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
+# author: Rex Nov. 3, 201

…

…

有了这几条命令，基本上对于想看最近更改的情境就可以应付过去了。最后一条并不很常用，如果有visual的工具可能更直观些。