pycuda学习过程中的一些发现，cuda函数的初始化要在cuda内存空间初始化之后，否则会报错
参考：
https://www.cnblogs.com/devilmaycry812839668/p/15348610.html
最近在看WarpDrive的代码，其中cuda上运行的代码是使用pycuda库进行连通的，使用pycuda可以很好的在python环境中调用cuda的代码，但是在使用中发现一些事情，那就是cuda函数的初始化要放在cuda内存空间初始化之后，否则会有报错。
代码：（可以正常运行的代码）
import numpy as np from warp_drive.managers.data_manager import CUDADataManager
from warp_drive.managers.function_manager import (
CUDAFunctionManager, CUDALogController, CUDASampler, CUDAEnvironmentReset
)
from warp_drive.utils.data_feed import DataFeed source_code = """
// A function to demonstrate how to manipulate data on the GPU.
// This function increments each the random data array we pushed to the GPU before.
// Each index corresponding to (env_id, agent_id) in the array is incremented by "agent_id + env_id".
// Everything inside the if() loop runs in parallel for each agent and environment.
//
extern "C"{
__global__ void cuda_increment(
float* data,
int num_agents
)
{
int env_id = blockIdx.x;
int agent_id = threadIdx.x;
if (agent_id < num_agents){
int array_index = env_id * num_agents + agent_id;
int increment = env_id + agent_id;
data[array_index] += increment;
}
}
}
""" from timeit import Timer def push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs=1,
num_envs=2,
num_agents=3,
source_code=None
): assert source_code is not None def push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs):
# Initialize the CUDA data manager
cuda_data_manager = CUDADataManager(
num_agents=num_agents,
num_envs=num_envs,
episode_length=100
) # Create random data
random_data = np.random.rand(num_envs, num_agents) # Push data from host to device
data_feed = DataFeed()
data_feed.add_data(
name="random_data",
data=random_data,
)
data_feed.add_data(
name="num_agents",
data=num_agents
)
cuda_data_manager.push_data_to_device(data_feed) return cuda_data_manager # Initialize the CUDA function manager
def cuda_func_init():
cuda_function_manager = CUDAFunctionManager(
num_agents=num_agents, #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_agents"),
num_envs=num_envs #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_envs")
) # Load source code and initialize function
cuda_function_manager.load_cuda_from_source_code(
source_code,
default_functions_included=False
)
cuda_function_manager.initialize_functions(["cuda_increment"])
increment_function = cuda_function_manager._get_function("cuda_increment") return cuda_function_manager, increment_function def increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function):
increment_function(
cuda_data_manager.device_data("random_data"),
cuda_data_manager.device_data("num_agents"),
block=cuda_function_manager.block,
grid=cuda_function_manager.grid
) # set variable
# cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) # cuda function init
# cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() # cuda function run
# increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function) data_push_time = Timer(lambda: push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs)).timeit(number=num_runs) cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs)
cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init()
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
print(cuda_data_manager.pull_data_from_device('random_data')) return {
"data push times": data_push_time,
"code run time": program_run_time
} num_runs = 1000
times = {} for scenario in [
(1, 1),
(1, 100),
(1, 1000),
(100, 1000),
(1000, 1000)
]:
num_envs, num_agents = scenario
times.update(
{
f"envs={num_envs}, agents={num_agents}":
push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs,
num_envs,
num_agents,
source_code
)
}
) print(f"Times for {num_runs} function calls")
print("*"*40)
for key, value in times.items():
print(f"{key:30}: mean data push times: {value['data push times']:10.5}s,\t mean increment times: {value['code run time']:10.5}s") '''
print(cuda_data_manager._meta_info)
print(cuda_data_manager._host_data)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_pointer)
print(cuda_data_manager._scalar_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._reset_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._log_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_via_torch)
print(cuda_data_manager._shared_constants)
print(cuda_data_manager._shape)
print(cuda_data_manager._dtype) print(tensor_on_device)
time.sleep(300) '''
报错的代码：
import numpy as np from warp_drive.managers.data_manager import CUDADataManager
from warp_drive.managers.function_manager import (
CUDAFunctionManager, CUDALogController, CUDASampler, CUDAEnvironmentReset
)
from warp_drive.utils.data_feed import DataFeed source_code = """
// A function to demonstrate how to manipulate data on the GPU.
// This function increments each the random data array we pushed to the GPU before.
// Each index corresponding to (env_id, agent_id) in the array is incremented by "agent_id + env_id".
// Everything inside the if() loop runs in parallel for each agent and environment.
//
extern "C"{
__global__ void cuda_increment(
float* data,
int num_agents
)
{
int env_id = blockIdx.x;
int agent_id = threadIdx.x;
if (agent_id < num_agents){
int array_index = env_id * num_agents + agent_id;
int increment = env_id + agent_id;
data[array_index] += increment;
}
}
}
""" from timeit import Timer def push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs=1,
num_envs=2,
num_agents=3,
source_code=None
): assert source_code is not None def push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs):
# Initialize the CUDA data manager
cuda_data_manager = CUDADataManager(
num_agents=num_agents,
num_envs=num_envs,
episode_length=100
) # Create random data
random_data = np.random.rand(num_envs, num_agents) # Push data from host to device
data_feed = DataFeed()
data_feed.add_data(
name="random_data",
data=random_data,
)
data_feed.add_data(
name="num_agents",
data=num_agents
)
cuda_data_manager.push_data_to_device(data_feed) return cuda_data_manager # Initialize the CUDA function manager
def cuda_func_init():
cuda_function_manager = CUDAFunctionManager(
num_agents=num_agents, #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_agents"),
num_envs=num_envs #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_envs")
) # Load source code and initialize function
cuda_function_manager.load_cuda_from_source_code(
source_code,
default_functions_included=False
)
cuda_function_manager.initialize_functions(["cuda_increment"])
increment_function = cuda_function_manager._get_function("cuda_increment") return cuda_function_manager, increment_function def increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function):
increment_function(
cuda_data_manager.device_data("random_data"),
cuda_data_manager.device_data("num_agents"),
block=cuda_function_manager.block,
grid=cuda_function_manager.grid
) # set variable
# cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) # cuda function init
# cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() # cuda function run
# increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function) #data_push_time = Timer(lambda: push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs)).timeit(number=num_runs) cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() ###
cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) ###
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
print(cuda_data_manager.pull_data_from_device('random_data')) return {
"data push times": 0, #data_push_time,
"code run time": program_run_time
} num_runs = 1000
times = {} for scenario in [
(1, 1),
(1, 100),
(1, 1000),
(100, 1000),
(1000, 1000)
]:
num_envs, num_agents = scenario
times.update(
{
f"envs={num_envs}, agents={num_agents}":
push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs,
num_envs,
num_agents,
source_code
)
}
) print(f"Times for {num_runs} function calls")
print("*"*40)
for key, value in times.items():
print(f"{key:30}: mean data push times: {value['data push times']:10.5}s,\t mean increment times: {value['code run time']:10.5}s") '''
print(cuda_data_manager._meta_info)
print(cuda_data_manager._host_data)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_pointer)
print(cuda_data_manager._scalar_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._reset_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._log_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_via_torch)
print(cuda_data_manager._shared_constants)
print(cuda_data_manager._shape)
print(cuda_data_manager._dtype) print(tensor_on_device)
time.sleep(300) '''
报错信息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/xxxxxx/warp-drive/devil_make/tutorial-1-warp_drive_basics.py", line 145, in <module>
source_code
File "/home/xxxxxx/warp-drive/devil_make/tutorial-1-warp_drive_basics.py", line 116, in push_random_data_and_increment_timer
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
File "/home/xxxxxx/anaconda3/envs/warp_drive/lib/python3.7/timeit.py", line 177, in timeit
timing = self.inner(it, self.timer)
File "<timeit-src>", line 6, in inner
File "/home/xxxxxx/warp-drive/devil_make/tutorial-1-warp_drive_basics.py", line 116, in <lambda>
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
File "/home/xxxxxx/warp-drive/devil_make/tutorial-1-warp_drive_basics.py", line 97, in increment_data
grid=cuda_function_manager.grid
File "/home/xxxxxx/anaconda3/envs/warp_drive/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pycuda/driver.py", line 480, in function_call
func._set_block_shape(*block)
pycuda._driver.LogicError: cuFuncSetBlockShape failed: invalid resource handle
由此可知，在使用pycuda时，如果cuda函数初始化之前没有对cuda内存初始化则会报错：
报错信息：
pycuda._driver.LogicError: cuFuncSetBlockShape failed: invalid resource handle
如果再cuda函数初始化之前对cuda内存初始化那么就不会报错：
代码：
import numpy as np from warp_drive.managers.data_manager import CUDADataManager
from warp_drive.managers.function_manager import (
CUDAFunctionManager, CUDALogController, CUDASampler, CUDAEnvironmentReset
)
from warp_drive.utils.data_feed import DataFeed source_code = """
// A function to demonstrate how to manipulate data on the GPU.
// This function increments each the random data array we pushed to the GPU before.
// Each index corresponding to (env_id, agent_id) in the array is incremented by "agent_id + env_id".
// Everything inside the if() loop runs in parallel for each agent and environment.
//
extern "C"{
__global__ void cuda_increment(
float* data,
int num_agents
)
{
int env_id = blockIdx.x;
int agent_id = threadIdx.x;
if (agent_id < num_agents){
int array_index = env_id * num_agents + agent_id;
int increment = env_id + agent_id;
data[array_index] += increment;
}
}
}
""" from timeit import Timer def push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs=1,
num_envs=2,
num_agents=3,
source_code=None
): assert source_code is not None def push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs):
# Initialize the CUDA data manager
cuda_data_manager = CUDADataManager(
num_agents=num_agents,
num_envs=num_envs,
episode_length=100
) # Create random data
random_data = np.random.rand(num_envs, num_agents) # Push data from host to device
data_feed = DataFeed()
data_feed.add_data(
name="random_data",
data=random_data,
)
data_feed.add_data(
name="num_agents",
data=num_agents
)
cuda_data_manager.push_data_to_device(data_feed) return cuda_data_manager # Initialize the CUDA function manager
def cuda_func_init():
cuda_function_manager = CUDAFunctionManager(
num_agents=num_agents, #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_agents"),
num_envs=num_envs #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_envs")
) # Load source code and initialize function
cuda_function_manager.load_cuda_from_source_code(
source_code,
default_functions_included=False
)
cuda_function_manager.initialize_functions(["cuda_increment"])
increment_function = cuda_function_manager._get_function("cuda_increment") return cuda_function_manager, increment_function def increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function):
increment_function(
cuda_data_manager.device_data("random_data"),
cuda_data_manager.device_data("num_agents"),
block=cuda_function_manager.block,
grid=cuda_function_manager.grid
) # set variable
# cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) # cuda function init
# cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() # cuda function run
# increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function) #data_push_time = Timer(lambda: push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs)).timeit(number=num_runs) cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) ###
cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() ###
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
print(cuda_data_manager.pull_data_from_device('random_data')) return {
"data push times": '0', #data_push_time,
"code run time": program_run_time
} num_runs = 1000
times = {} for scenario in [
(1, 1),
(1, 100),
(1, 1000),
(100, 1000),
(1000, 1000)
]:
num_envs, num_agents = scenario
times.update(
{
f"envs={num_envs}, agents={num_agents}":
push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs,
num_envs,
num_agents,
source_code
)
}
) print(f"Times for {num_runs} function calls")
print("*"*40)
for key, value in times.items():
print(f"{key:30}: mean data push times: {value['data push times']:10.5}s,\t mean increment times: {value['code run time']:10.5}s") '''
print(cuda_data_manager._meta_info)
print(cuda_data_manager._host_data)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_pointer)
print(cuda_data_manager._scalar_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._reset_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._log_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_via_torch)
print(cuda_data_manager._shared_constants)
print(cuda_data_manager._shape)
print(cuda_data_manager._dtype) print(tensor_on_device)
time.sleep(300) '''
神奇的是不论在cuda函数初始化之前对cuda内存初始化多大空间的内存都不会再报错，这也是该问题神奇的地方所在。
如下代码：
import numpy as np from warp_drive.managers.data_manager import CUDADataManager
from warp_drive.managers.function_manager import (
CUDAFunctionManager, CUDALogController, CUDASampler, CUDAEnvironmentReset
)
from warp_drive.utils.data_feed import DataFeed source_code = """
// A function to demonstrate how to manipulate data on the GPU.
// This function increments each the random data array we pushed to the GPU before.
// Each index corresponding to (env_id, agent_id) in the array is incremented by "agent_id + env_id".
// Everything inside the if() loop runs in parallel for each agent and environment.
//
extern "C"{
__global__ void cuda_increment(
float* data,
int num_agents
)
{
int env_id = blockIdx.x;
int agent_id = threadIdx.x;
if (agent_id < num_agents){
int array_index = env_id * num_agents + agent_id;
int increment = env_id + agent_id;
data[array_index] += increment;
}
}
}
""" from timeit import Timer def push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs=1,
num_envs=2,
num_agents=3,
source_code=None
): assert source_code is not None def push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs):
# Initialize the CUDA data manager
cuda_data_manager = CUDADataManager(
num_agents=num_agents,
num_envs=num_envs,
episode_length=100
) # Create random data
random_data = np.random.rand(num_envs, num_agents) # Push data from host to device
data_feed = DataFeed()
data_feed.add_data(
name="random_data",
data=random_data,
)
data_feed.add_data(
name="num_agents",
data=num_agents
)
cuda_data_manager.push_data_to_device(data_feed) return cuda_data_manager # Initialize the CUDA function manager
def cuda_func_init():
cuda_function_manager = CUDAFunctionManager(
num_agents=num_agents, #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_agents"),
num_envs=num_envs #cuda_data_manager.meta_info("n_envs")
) # Load source code and initialize function
cuda_function_manager.load_cuda_from_source_code(
source_code,
default_functions_included=False
)
cuda_function_manager.initialize_functions(["cuda_increment"])
increment_function = cuda_function_manager._get_function("cuda_increment") return cuda_function_manager, increment_function def increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function):
increment_function(
cuda_data_manager.device_data("random_data"),
cuda_data_manager.device_data("num_agents"),
block=cuda_function_manager.block,
grid=cuda_function_manager.grid
) # set variable
# cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) # cuda function init
# cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() # cuda function run
# increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function) #data_push_time = Timer(lambda: push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs)).timeit(number=num_runs) push_random_data(1, 1) cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() ###
cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) ###
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
print(cuda_data_manager.pull_data_from_device('random_data')) return {
"data push times": '0', #data_push_time,
"code run time": program_run_time
} num_runs = 1000
times = {} for scenario in [
(1, 1),
(1, 100),
(1, 1000),
(100, 1000),
(1000, 1000)
]:
num_envs, num_agents = scenario
times.update(
{
f"envs={num_envs}, agents={num_agents}":
push_random_data_and_increment_timer(
num_runs,
num_envs,
num_agents,
source_code
)
}
) print(f"Times for {num_runs} function calls")
print("*"*40)
for key, value in times.items():
print(f"{key:30}: mean data push times: {value['data push times']:10.5}s,\t mean increment times: {value['code run time']:10.5}s") '''
print(cuda_data_manager._meta_info)
print(cuda_data_manager._host_data)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_pointer)
print(cuda_data_manager._scalar_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._reset_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._log_data_list)
print(cuda_data_manager._device_data_via_torch)
print(cuda_data_manager._shared_constants)
print(cuda_data_manager._shape)
print(cuda_data_manager._dtype) print(tensor_on_device)
time.sleep(300) '''
核心代码：
push_random_data(1, 1)
cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() ###
cuda_data_manager = push_random_data(num_agents, num_envs) ###
program_run_time = Timer(lambda: increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)).timeit(number=num_runs)
下面代码为cuda的内存申请，即使是较小的内存申请也是可以是下面的cuda函数初始化正常运行，如果再cuda函数初始化之前没有任何对cudsa内存申请的操作那就会报错。
push_random_data(1, 1)
初始化cuda内存，cuda内存的申请操作：
push_random_data(1, 1)
cuda函数的初始化操作：
cuda_function_manager, increment_function = cuda_func_init() ###
cuda 函数的执行：
increment_data(cuda_data_manager, cuda_function_manager, increment_function)
pycuda学习过程中的一些发现，cuda函数的初始化要在cuda内存空间初始化之后，否则会报错的更多相关文章
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