Server.xml解析
来源
本文整理自 <Tomcat内核设计剖析>、<Tomcat结构解析> 加上自己的理解、源码来自 Tomcat8.5 版本
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />
<GlobalNamingResources>
<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
description="User database that can be updated and saved"
factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
</GlobalNamingResources>
<Service name="Catalina">
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
</Realm>
<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t "%r" %s %b" />
</Host>
</Engine>
</Service>
</Server>
// org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.java
public void load() {
digester.parse(inputSource);
}
Catalina使用Digester解析XML配置文件并创建应用服务器。
Digester是一款用于将XML转化成Java对象的事件驱动型工具，针对SAX的进一步封装。Digester对SAX事件提供了更加友好的接口，隐藏了XML节点具体的层次细节。目前是Apache Commons项目。
Digester通过流读取XML文件，当识别出特定XML节点后便会执行特定的动作、或者创建Java对象，或者执行对象的某个方法。核心是：匹配模式和处理规则。
Digester是非线程安全的。
Server解析
创建Server实例
Catalina中Server默认实现 StandardServer、Digester创建Server实例后，设置Server相关属性，并将其设置到Catalina对象中(调用setServer)
digester.addObjectCreate("Server",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server");
digester.addSetNext("Server",
"setServer",
"org.apache.catalina.Server");
创建全局命名资源
Catalina根据GlobalNamingResources配置创建全局的命名资源上下文(JNDI)，设置属性并将其设置到Server实例中(setGlobalNamingResources)
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
"org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/GlobalNamingResources");
digester.addSetNext("Server/GlobalNamingResources",
"setGlobalNamingResources",
"org.apache.catalina.deploy.NamingResourcesImpl");
Server添加生命周期监听器
Server元素支持配置Listener节点，用于为当前的Server实例添加LifecycleListener监听器，由classNmae属性指定，默认配置了5个监听器：
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
"addService",
"org.apache.catalina.Service");
创建Service实例
Server添加Service实例，Catalina默认的Service实例是 StandardServie，可以通过addService()添加到Server实例中。
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service",
"addService",
"org.apache.catalina.Service");
Service添加生命周期监听器
由className 属性指定，默认未指定Service监听器。
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
Service添加Executor
默认实现StandardThreadExecutor，由className属性指定具体实现类，Catalina共享Executor的级别是Service。默认未配置。
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Executor",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardThreadExecutor",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Executor");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Executor",
"addExecutor",
"org.apache.catalina.Executor");
Service添加Connector
在设置属性时，将executor和sslImplementationName属性排除。在Connector创建时，会判断当前是否指定了executor属性，如果是，从Service中查找该名称的executor并设置到Connector中。在创建Connector时也会判断是否有sslImplementationName属性，如果是，将属性设置到使用的协议中，指定了一个SSL实现。
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
new ConnectorCreateRule());
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector",
new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"executor", "sslImplementationName"}));
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector",
"addConnector",
"org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector");
Connector添加虚拟主机SSL配置
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig",
"addSslHostConfig",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfig");
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
new CertificateCreateRule());
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
new SetAllPropertiesRule(new String[]{"type"}));
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/SSLHostConfig/Certificate",
"addCertificate",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SSLHostConfigCertificate");
Connector添加生命周期监听器
默认情况下，未指定。
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/Listener");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
Connector添加升级协议
用于支持HTTP/2，8.5.6新增的配置。
digester.addObjectCreate("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol");
digester.addSetNext("Server/Service/Connector/UpgradeProtocol",
"addUpgradeProtocol",
"org.apache.coyote.UpgradeProtocol");
子元素解析规则
指定了Servlet容器相关的嵌套子节点的解析规则，而且每类嵌套子节点的解析封装为一个RuleSet，包含
GlobalNamingResource、Engine、Host、Cluster、Context
digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/GlobalNamingResources/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new EngineRuleSet("Server/Service/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new HostRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/"));
digester.addRuleSet(new ContextRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/"));
addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Host/Cluster/");
digester.addRuleSet(new NamingRuleSet("Server/Service/Engine/Host/Context/"));
digester.addRule("Server/Service/Engine",
new SetParentClassLoaderRule(parentClassLoader));
addClusterRuleSet(digester, "Server/Service/Engine/Cluster/");
Engine解析
在EngineRuleSet类下，创建Engine实例，并通过setContainer方法添加到Service实例，Catalina默认实现为StandardEngine。默认为Engine添加了一个生命周期监听器 EngineConfig。（用于打印Engine启动和停止日志）
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Engine",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Engine");
digester.addRule(prefix + "Engine",
new LifecycleListenerRule
("org.apache.catalina.startup.EngineConfig",
"engineConfigClass"));
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Engine",
"setContainer",
"org.apache.catalina.Engine");
Engine添加集群配置
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Engine/Cluster",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Engine/Cluster");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Engine/Cluster",
"setCluster",
"org.apache.catalina.Cluster");
Engine添加生命周期监听器
此处与EngineConfig不同，这里由server.xml 配置。默认未指定。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Engine/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Engine/Listener");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Engine/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
Engine添加安全配置和Valve
为Engine添加安全配置(RealmRuleSet)，添加Valve拦截器。
digester.addObjectCreate(pattern, null /* MUST be specified in the element */,
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(pattern);
digester.addSetNext(pattern, methodName, "org.apache.catalina.Realm");
digester.addRuleSet(new CredentialHandlerRuleSet(pattern + "/"));
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Engine/Valve",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Engine/Valve");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Engine/Valve",
"addValve",
"org.apache.catalina.Valve");
Host的解析
创建Host实例
位于HostRuleSet类中。创建Host实例，通过addChild方法添加到Engine中，Catalina默认实现 StandardHost，同时注册了一个生命周期监听器 HostConfig，该监听器在 Web应用部署中做了大量工作，同时Host还可以通过 Alias 支持配置 别名。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Host",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Host");
digester.addRule(prefix + "Host",
new CopyParentClassLoaderRule());
digester.addRule(prefix + "Host",
new LifecycleListenerRule
("org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig",
"hostConfigClass"));
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Host",
"addChild",
"org.apache.catalina.Container");
digester.addCallMethod(prefix + "Host/Alias",
"addAlias", 0);
Host添加集群
Cluster可以配置在 Engine ，还可以配置在Engine级别。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Host/Cluster",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Host/Cluster");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Host/Cluster",
"setCluster",
"org.apache.catalina.Cluster");
Host添加生命周期监听器
此配置由 server.xml 配置，默认；无
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Host/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Host/Listener");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Host/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
Host添加安全配置和Valve
Valve默认是 AccessLogValve。用于记录访问日志。
digester.addObjectCreate(pattern, null /* MUST be specified in the element */,
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(pattern);
digester.addSetNext(pattern, methodName, "org.apache.catalina.Realm");
digester.addRuleSet(new CredentialHandlerRuleSet(pattern + "/"));
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Host/Valve",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Host/Valve");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Host/Valve",
"addValve",
"org.apache.catalina.Valve");
Context解析
这里对的Context配置，仅仅指 server.xml 中配置，默认情况下，在server.xml 中不配置。通过 HostConfig 自动扫描部署目录，以 context.xml 文件为基础进行解析创建。
创建Context实例
位于ContextRuleSet类中。create==true时，创建Context实例，通过 HostConfig 自动创建Context时，create=false，默认实现类是 StandardContext。在创建实例时，添加了一个生命周期监听器 ContextConfig，用于详细配置 Context，如解析 web.xml 等。
if (create) {
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context",
"org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext", "className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context");
} else {
digester.addRule(prefix + "Context", new SetContextPropertiesRule());
}
if (create) {
digester.addRule(prefix + "Context",
new LifecycleListenerRule
("org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig",
"configClass"));
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context",
"addChild",
"org.apache.catalina.Container");
}
Context添加生命周期监听器
此配置由 server.xml 配置，默认；无
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Listener",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Listener");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Listener",
"addLifecycleListener",
"org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener");
Context指定类加载器
默认 WebappLoader。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Loader",
"org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Loader");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Loader",
"setLoader",
"org.apache.catalina.Loader");
Context添加会话管理器
默认是：StandardManager，同时为管理器指定了会话存储方式和会话标识生成器。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Manager",
"org.apache.catalina.session.StandardManager",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Manager");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Manager",
"setManager",
"org.apache.catalina.Manager");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Manager/Store",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Manager/Store");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Manager/Store",
"setStore",
"org.apache.catalina.Store");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Manager/SessionIdGenerator",
"org.apache.catalina.util.StandardSessionIdGenerator",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Manager/SessionIdGenerator");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Manager/SessionIdGenerator",
"setSessionIdGenerator",
"org.apache.catalina.SessionIdGenerator");
Context添加初始化参数
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Parameter",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.ApplicationParameter");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Parameter");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Parameter",
"addApplicationParameter",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.ApplicationParameter");
Context添加安全配置和Web资源配置
Tomcat8中新增了 PreResources、JarResources、PostResources三种资源的配置。在加载Web应用时使用。
digester.addRuleSet(new RealmRuleSet(prefix + "Context/"));
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Resources",
"org.apache.catalina.webresources.StandardRoot",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Resources");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Resources",
"setResources",
"org.apache.catalina.WebResourceRoot");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Resources/PreResources",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Resources/PreResources");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Resources/PreResources",
"addPreResources",
"org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Resources/JarResources",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Resources/JarResources");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Resources/JarResources",
"addJarResources",
"org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Resources/PostResources",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Resources/PostResources");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Resources/PostResources",
"addPostResources",
"org.apache.catalina.WebResourceSet");
Context添加资源链接
添加 ContextResourceLink，用于J2EE命名服务（JNDI）
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/ResourceLink",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.ContextResourceLink");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/ResourceLink");
digester.addRule(prefix + "Context/ResourceLink",
new SetNextNamingRule("addResourceLink", "org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.ContextResourceLink"));
Context添加Valve
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/Valve",
null, // MUST be specified in the element
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/Valve");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/Valve",
"addValve",
"org.apache.catalina.Valve");
Context添加守护资源配置
WatchedResource：用于为Context添加监视资源，当这些资源发生变更时，Web应用会被重新加载。默认值：/WEB-INF/web.xml。 在 conf/context.xml 中配置。
WrapperLifecycle：为Context添加一个监听器类，添加到Context 包含的 Wrapper 上。
JarScanner：默认实现是 StandardJarScanner。StandardJarScanner 扫描Web应用和类加载器层级的Jar包，主要用于TLD扫描和web-fragement.xml扫描。还可以为 JarScanner 指定一个Filter，只有符合的才会被处理。默认Filter：StandardJarScanFilter。
digester.addCallMethod(prefix + "Context/WatchedResource",
"addWatchedResource", 0);
digester.addCallMethod(prefix + "Context/WrapperLifecycle",
"addWrapperLifecycle", 0);
digester.addCallMethod(prefix + "Context/WrapperListener",
"addWrapperListener", 0);
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/JarScanner",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanner",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/JarScanner");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/JarScanner",
"setJarScanner",
"org.apache.tomcat.JarScanner");
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/JarScanner/JarScanFilter",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.scan.StandardJarScanFilter",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/JarScanner/JarScanFilter");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/JarScanner/JarScanFilter",
"setJarScanFilter",
"org.apache.tomcat.JarScanFilter");
Context添加Cookie处理器
Tomcat8.5版本从 LegacyCookieProcessor 改成 Rfc6265CookieProcessor。
digester.addObjectCreate(prefix + "Context/CookieProcessor",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Rfc6265CookieProcessor",
"className");
digester.addSetProperties(prefix + "Context/CookieProcessor");
digester.addSetNext(prefix + "Context/CookieProcessor",
"setCookieProcessor",
"org.apache.tomcat.util.http.CookieProcessor");
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