Git 安装及使用小结
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Git 安装及使用小结

git

Git安装与配置

Linux下安装与配置

通过命令行 sudo apt-get install git 进行安装
配置 git config --global user.name "xxx", git config --global user.email "xxx@xxx.com" (global 选项可选)
使用 git push到github时，需要在github上添加本机的SSH key

生成SSH Key： ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "xxx@xxx.com" (按三个回车即可，一般不使用密码)

生成的key在 ～/.ssh 目录下，该目录下包含两个文件: id_ras（私钥）， id_rsa.pub（公钥）

添加私钥：ssh-add id_rsa

在github上添加ssh key. 在 setting->SSH and GPG Keys下添加 id_ras.pub 中内容

windows下安装与配置

直接下载安装 git
配置与linux 下类似

说明： git config命令的--global参数，用了这个参数，表示你这台机器上所有的Git仓库都会使用这个配置，当然也可以对某个仓库指定不同的用户名和Email地址.

常见操作命令

创建版本库

git init : 创建版本库

git add . : 添加文件到版本库，“.”表示目录下所有文件，也可通过文件名或目录指定

git rm xxx: 从版本库中删除一个文件

git commit -m "xxx": 提交文件，-m选项表示的示提交说明

查看文件改动

git status: 查看工作区文件变动情况，显示那些文件被修改过

git diff xxx: 查看文件xxx的修改内容

gitk: 图形化界面各版本修改情况

版本回退

git log: 查看提交历史，由近到远排列，git log --pretty=oneline 简化输出信息

git reset --hard xxx: xxx 为 commit id，回退到指定commit id 的版本

git reflog：查看历史命令，以便确定回到未来哪个版本

撤销单个文件的修改

若文件没有执行 add 操作

git checkout -- xxx : 直接丢弃工作区文件xxx的修改

若文件执行过add 操作, 需执行两步

git reset HEAD xxx --> git checkout -- xxx

关联远程仓库与本地仓库

首先需要在github中手动新建分支

一种方式是将分支 clone 到本地，进行修改，然后提交。

git clone git@github.com:username/RepositoryName.git

另一种方式是，讲本地已有仓库与之关联。

git remote add origin git@github.com:username/RepositoryName.git

提交本地库内容到远程库

git push -u origin master: 将当前master分支推送当远程分支origin, -u参数，表示将本地master分支与远程的origin分支关联起来，在以后的推送或者拉取时，可以简化命令git push origin master

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