MySQL数据库干货分享！mysql每月自动创建表结构

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https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1fx411X7BD

业务数据量比较大的时候，可能对数据按月建表。随之而来的是每月都需要创建对应表结构。如果忘记了，恐怕对业务影响比较大吧！这种表结构的特点：表字段全部相同，索引也是一致的，表的名称随着月份自动变化。

步骤：

1、创建存储过程

2、创建定时任务（需要开启全局的event_scheduler）

 1 DELIMITER $$

 2
 3
 4 DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `pro_autocre_month_table`$$
 5
 6 CREATE DEFINER=`root`@`%` PROCEDURE `pro_autocre_month_table`()
 7 BEGIN
 8     DECLARE old_table_name VARCHAR(128);
 9     DECLARE new_table_name VARCHAR(128);
10     DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0;
11
12     DECLARE table_cursor CURSOR FOR SELECT TABLE_NAME FROM `information_schema`.`TABLES` WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '****' AND TABLE_NAME REGEXP DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%Y%m');
13     DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR SQLSTATE '02000' SET done = 1;
14
15     OPEN table_cursor;
16     REPEAT
17
18         FETCH table_cursor INTO old_table_name;
19         IF NOT done THEN
20
21             SELECT  REPLACE(old_table_name,DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), '%Y%m'),DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD(CURDATE(),INTERVAL 1 MONTH), '%Y%m')) INTO new_table_name;
22             SET @sqlCmd = CONCAT('create table if not exists `',new_table_name,'` like `' , old_table_name,'`');
23             PREPARE preStmt FROM @sqlCmd;
24             EXECUTE preStmt;
25         END IF ;
26     UNTIL done END REPEAT;
27     CLOSE table_cursor;
28     END$$
29
30 DELIMITER ;
31 -- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
32 DELIMITER $$
33
34 SET GLOBAL event_scheduler = ON$$
35
36 CREATE    /*[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]*/    EVENT `test`.`auto_create_table`
37
38 ON SCHEDULE
39     ON SCHEDULE EVERY 1 WEEK STARTS '2014-01-01 00:00:00' ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE ENABLE
40     DO BEGIN
41         CALL pro_autocre_month_table();
42     END$$
43
44 DELIMITER ;

备注：

1、请将“ TABLE_SCHEMA = '****'”中的"****"修改为表所在的数据库的名称

2、该sql 会对数据库下表名称为：201401这种类型的表结构有效。其它类型的结构可参考下面的说明：

Specifier	Description
%a	Abbreviated weekday name (Sun..Sat)
%b	Abbreviated month name (Jan..Dec)
%c	Month, numeric (0..12)
%D	Day of the month with English suffix (0th, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, …)
%d	Day of the month, numeric (00..31)
%e	Day of the month, numeric (0..31)
%f	Microseconds (000000..999999)
%H	Hour (00..23)
%h	Hour (01..12)
%I	Hour (01..12)
%i	Minutes, numeric (00..59)
%j	Day of year (001..366)
%k	Hour (0..23)
%l	Hour (1..12)
%M	Month name (January..December)
%m	Month, numeric (00..12)
%p	AM or PM
%r	Time, 12-hour (hh:mm:ss followed by AM or PM)
%S	Seconds (00..59)
%s	Seconds (00..59)
%T	Time, 24-hour (hh:mm:ss)
%U	Week (00..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 0
%u	Week (00..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 1
%V	Week (01..53), where Sunday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 2; used with %X
%v	Week (01..53), where Monday is the first day of the week; WEEK() mode 3; used with %x
%W	Weekday name (Sunday..Saturday)
%w	Day of the week (0=Sunday..6=Saturday)
%X	Year for the week where Sunday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %V
%x	Year for the week, where Monday is the first day of the week, numeric, four digits; used with %v
%Y	Year, numeric, four digits
%y	Year, numeric (two digits)
%%	A literal “%” character
%x	x, for any “x” not listed above

3、计划任务、存储过程、游标 不熟悉的，请参考官方文档。

4、如果怕定时任务执行失败，可以每半个月执行一次。这样能防止第一次执行失败！

5、oracle、sql server 也有对应的管理数据库，可通过类似方法创建表结构

6、请确保用户有访问information_schema数据库的权限