SQLServer 表结构相关查询（快速了解数据库）

--    表结构查询
SELECT
    表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
    表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
    字段序号   = a.colorder,
    字段名     = a.name,
    标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
    主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
                     SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
    类型       = b.name,
    占用字节数 = a.length,
    长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
    小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
    允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
    默认值     = isnull(e.text,''),
    字段说明   = isnull(g.[value],'')
FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b
on a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join sysobjects d
on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join syscomments e
on a.cdefault=e.id
left join sys.extended_properties   g
on a.id=g.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id
left join sys.extended_properties f
on d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id=0
where d.name='tableName'    --如果只查询指定表,加上此条件
order by a.id,a.colorder 

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--查看数据库中所有外键
select oMain.name  AS  [主表名称]
,oSub.name  AS  [子表名称]
,fk.name AS  [外键名称]
,MainCol.name AS [主表列名]
,SubCol.name AS [子表列名]
from sys.foreign_keys fk
JOIN sys.all_objects oSub  ON (fk.parent_object_id = oSub.object_id)
JOIN sys.all_objects oMain ON (fk.referenced_object_id = oMain.object_id)
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns fkCols ON (fk.object_id = fkCols.constraint_object_id)
JOIN sys.columns SubCol ON (oSub.object_id = SubCol.object_id
    AND fkCols.parent_column_id = SubCol.column_id)
JOIN sys.columns MainCol ON (oMain.object_id = MainCol.object_id
    AND fkCols.referenced_column_id = MainCol.column_id)

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--(导出扩展属性脚本)
SELECT 表名 = d.name,字段名 = a.name, 字段说明 = isnull(g.[value],'')
,'EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N''MS_Description'', @value=N'''+CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),g.[value])
+''',@level0type=N''SCHEMA'',@level0name=N''dbo'',@level1type=N''TABLE'',@level1name=N'''+CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),d.name)
+''',@level2type=N''COLUMN'',@level2name=N'''+CONVERT(VARCHAR(MAX),a.name)+''''
FROM syscolumns a left join systypes b on a.xusertype=b.xusertype
inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
left join syscomments e on a.cdefault=e.id
left join sys.extended_properties g on a.id=g.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id
WHERE g.[value] IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY d.name,a.name

----------------------------------------------------------------------

--当前数据库表大小及行数
SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(tbl.schema_id) [Schema],tbl.name AS [TableName],
(CAST(ISNULL((select 8 * SUM(CASE WHEN a.type <> 1 THEN a.used_pages WHEN p.index_id < 2 THEN a.data_pages ELSE 0 END)
FROM sys.indexes as i
JOIN sys.partitions as p ON p.object_id = i.object_id and p.index_id = i.index_id
JOIN sys.allocation_units as a ON a.container_id = p.partition_id
where i.object_id = tbl.object_id),0.0)*1.0/1024 AS DECIMAL(18,3))) AS [DataSpaceUsed(MB)],SI.[rows]
FROM sys.tables AS tbl LEFT JOIN sys.sysindexes si ON tbl.object_id=si.id AND si.indid IN(0,1)
ORDER BY [Schema],[DataSpaceUsed(MB)] DESC

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--  查看表中的自增列是否为主键
SELECT
表名= D.NAME,
列名= A.NAME,
是否自增= CASE WHEN COLUMNPROPERTY( A.ID,A.NAME, 'ISIDENTITY ')=1 THEN '√'ELSE '' END,
主键= CASE WHEN EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE XTYPE= 'PK ' AND PARENT_OBJ=A.ID AND NAME IN (
    SELECT NAME FROM SYSINDEXES WHERE INDID IN(
    SELECT INDID FROM SYSINDEXKEYS WHERE ID = A.ID AND COLID=A.COLID))) THEN '√' ELSE '' END
FROM SYSCOLUMNS A
LEFT JOIN SYSTYPES B ON A.XUSERTYPE=B.XUSERTYPE
INNER JOIN SYSOBJECTS D ON A.ID=D.ID AND D.XTYPE= 'U' AND D.NAME <> 'DTPROPERTIES '
where  COLUMNPROPERTY( A.ID,A.NAME, 'ISIDENTITY ')=1

------------------------------------------------------------------

--各表对象下的其他对象
select t1.[object_id],t1.[type],t1.name,t2.[object_id],t2.[type],t2.name
from sys.objects t1
inner join sys.objects t2 on t1.[object_id]=t2.parent_object_id
order by t1.[type],t1.name,t2.[type],t2.name

select t1.id,t1.xtype,t1.name,t2.id,t2.xtype,t2.name
from sys.sysobjects t1
inner join sys.sysobjects t2 on t1.id=t2.parent_obj
order by t1.xtype,t1.name,t2.xtype,t2.name

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
--唯一键约束
SELECT tbl.name tab,i.name AS [Name]
FROM sys.tables AS tbl
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > 0 and i.is_hypothetical = 0) AND (i.object_id=tbl.object_id)
WHERE (i.is_primary_key + 2*i.is_unique_constraint=2) and SCHEMA_NAME(tbl.schema_id)='dbo'
ORDER BY [Name] ASC

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--查看数据库约束
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) as TableName,name,definition
FROM sys.default_constraints ORDER BY TableName,name

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--表各列约束
select OBJECT_NAME(t2.object_id) as TabName,t2.name as ColumnName,t1.name as [Constraint]
from sys.default_constraints t1
inner join sys.columns t2
on t1.parent_object_id=t2.object_id and t1.parent_column_id=t2.column_id
order by TabName,ColumnName,[Constraint]

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--    当前数据库文件增长设置情况
SELECT Name, FileName
, CAST((Size * 8 / 1024) AS varchar(10)) + 'MB' AS FileSize
, MaxSize = CASE MaxSize WHEN -1 THEN 'Unlimited' ELSE CAST((Maxsize / 128) AS varchar(10)) + 'MB' END
FROM sys.sysfiles;

--    所有数据库文件增长设置情况
select DB_NAME(database_id) as dbName,file_id,(size*8/1024)  as [size(mb)]
,case when is_percent_growth = 1 then '10%' else CONVERT(varchar(10),growth*8/1024)+'M' end as growth
,type_desc,physical_name
from sys.master_files
where state = 0 --and database_id=DB_id()

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--数据库的一些关键属性
SELECT db.[name] AS [Database Name], db.recovery_model_desc AS [Recovery Model],
db.log_reuse_wait_desc AS [Log Reuse Wait Description],
ls.cntr_value AS [Log Size (KB)], lu.cntr_value AS [Log Used (KB)],
CAST(CAST(lu.cntr_value AS FLOAT) / CAST(ls.cntr_value AS FLOAT)AS DECIMAL(18,2)) *
100 AS [Log Used %], db.[compatibility_level] AS [DB Compatibility Level],
db.page_verify_option_desc AS [Page Verify Option], db.is_auto_create_stats_on,
db.is_auto_update_stats_on, db.is_auto_update_stats_async_on,
db.is_parameterization_forced,
db.snapshot_isolation_state_desc, db.is_read_committed_snapshot_on,
is_auto_shrink_on, is_auto_close_on
FROM sys.databases AS db WITH (NOLOCK)
INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_performance_counters AS lu WITH (NOLOCK)
ON db.name = lu.instance_name
INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_performance_counters AS ls WITH (NOLOCK)
ON db.name = ls.instance_name
WHERE lu.counter_name LIKE N'Log File(s) Used Size (KB)%'
AND ls.counter_name LIKE N'Log File(s) Size (KB)%'
AND ls.cntr_value > 0 OPTION (RECOMPILE);  

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--最近一周内数据库备份情况
SELECT user_name AS [User]
,server_name AS [Server]
,database_name AS [Database]
,recovery_model AS RecoveryModel
,case type when 'D' then '数据库'
    when 'I' then '差异数据库'
    when 'L' then '日志'
    when 'F' then '文件或文件组'
    when 'G' then '差异文件'
    when 'P' then '部分'
    when 'Q' then '差异部分' else type end as [backupType]
,convert(numeric(10,2),backup_size/1024/1024) as [Size(M)]
,backup_start_date AS backupStartTime
,backup_finish_date as backupFinishTime
,name
,expiration_date
from msdb.dbo.backupset
where backup_start_date >= DATEADD(D,-7,GETDATE())

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

--  作业启用情况和所有者
select a.job_id,a.name,a.enabled,b.name
from msdb.dbo.sysjobs a
inner join master.sys.syslogins b on a.owner_sid=b.sid and a.owner_sid<>'0x01'
order by a.name

--  更改作业所有者
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_update_job @job_id=N'job_id', @owner_login_name=N'sa'

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--    索引 主键/类型/列 情况
;with tb as(
SELECT tbl.name AS TableName,i.name AS IndexName,clmns.name AS ColumName,i.is_primary_key AS isPrimaryKey,i.type_desc
FROM sys.tables AS tbl
INNER JOIN sys.indexes AS i ON (i.index_id > 0 and i.is_hypothetical = 0) AND (i.object_id=tbl.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON (ic.column_id > 0
    AND (ic.key_ordinal > 0 or ic.partition_ordinal = 0 or ic.is_included_column != 0))
    AND (ic.index_id=CAST(i.index_id AS int) AND ic.object_id=i.object_id)
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id = ic.object_id and clmns.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE SCHEMA_NAME(tbl.schema_id) = N'dbo'
)
SELECT DISTINCT TableName,IndexName,isPrimaryKey,type_desc
,STUFF((SELECT ','+ColumName FROM tb B WHERE A.TableName=B.TableName AND A.IndexName=B.IndexName FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS ColumName
FROM tb A ORDER BY TableName,IndexName,isPrimaryKey,type_desc

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--表主键对应的列
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(C.id) AS TAB,B.name,A.name AS PrimaryKey ,E.type_desc,fill_factor
FROM SYSCOLUMNS A,SYSOBJECTS B,SYSINDEXES C,SYSINDEXKEYS D , SYS.INDEXES E
WHERE B.xtype = 'PK'
AND B.parent_obj = A.id
AND C.id = A.id
AND B.name = C.name
AND D.id = A.id
AND D.indid = C.indid
AND A.colid = D.colid
AND B.name=E.name
ORDER BY TAB,B.name,PrimaryKey 

SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE
WHERE OBJECTPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID(CONSTRAINT_NAME),'ISPRIMARYKEY')=1
--AND TABLE_NAME='TABLE_NAME'  

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--所有表索引对应的键列和包含列
SELECT OBJECT_NAME(t1.id) as tab,t1.name
,STUFF((SELECT ','+t3.name FROM sys.sysindexkeys t2,sys.syscolumns t3
    WHERE t1.indid=t2.indid and t1.id=t2.id and t2.id=t3.id and t2.colid=t3.colid and t2.keyno <> 0
    FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS IndexCols
,STUFF((SELECT ','+t3.name FROM sys.sysindexkeys t2,sys.syscolumns t3
    WHERE t1.indid=t2.indid and t1.id=t2.id and t2.id=t3.id and t2.colid=t3.colid and t2.keyno = 0
    FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'') AS IncludeCols
FROM sys.sysindexes t1
WHERE t1.root is not null
AND EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.tables t4 WHERE t1.id=t4.object_id)
ORDER BY tab,IndexCols

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--    查看表分区情况
select OBJECT_NAME(object_id) as tab,COUNT(partition_number) as part
from sys.partitions
where index_id in(0,1)
and OBJECT_NAME(object_id) not like 'conflict%'
and OBJECT_NAME(object_id) not like 'sys%'
group by object_id order by tab

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--    查看表备注信息
select distinct
 表名 = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end
,表说明 = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end
from syscolumns a
inner join sysobjects d on a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
inner join sys.extended_properties f  on d.id=f.major_id
where f.minor_id=0
--and CHARINDEX('',convert(varchar(max),f.value))<>0 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--    查看表中各列的属性及创建扩展属性脚本（默认架构dbo）
select o.name,c.name,p.name,p.value
,N'EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'''+p.name+ N''', @value=N'''+convert(nvarchar(4000),p.value)
+N''' , @level0type=N''SCHEMA'',@level0name=N''dbo'', @level1type=N''TABLE'',@level1name=N'''
+o.name+ N''', @level2type=N''COLUMN'',@level2name=N'''+c.name+ N'''' as script_addextendedproperty
from sys.sysobjects o
inner join sys.syscolumns c on o.id = c.id
inner join sys.extended_properties p on c.id=p.major_id and c.colid=p.minor_id
where o.xtype = N'U' --and o.name = 'tableName'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-- 查看对象定义脚本
--exec sp_helptext 'object_name'  

SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'FUNCTION' AND ROUTINE_NAME=''
SELECT * from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES WHERE ROUTINE_TYPE = 'PROCEDURE' AND ROUTINE_NAME=''
SELECT * from sys.sql_modules M WHERE EXISTS(SELECT * from sys.triggers T WHERE M.object_id=T.object_id)

SELECT o.name,o.type,o.create_date,o.modify_date,sm.definition
FROM sys.sql_modules sm inner join sys.objects o on sm.object_id=o.object_id
ORDER BY o.type,o.name  

SELECT * from sys.sql_modules
SELECT * from sys.all_sql_modules
SELECT * from sys.system_sql_modules   

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