Spring MVC使用样例

Spring MVC使用样例

步骤1：添加Spring的相关依赖

  1  <dependency>
  2
  3     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
  4
  5     <artifactId>java.servlet</artifactId>
  6
  7     <version>2.5</version>
  8
  9 </dependency>
 10
 11 <dependency>
 12
 13     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 14
 15     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.webmvc</artifactId>
 16
 17     <version>2.5.6</version>
 18
 19 </dependency>
 20
 21 <dependency>
 22
 23     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 24
 25     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.core</artifactId>
 26
 27     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 28
 29 </dependency>
 30
 31 <dependency>
 32
 33     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 34
 35     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.beans</artifactId>
 36
 37     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 38
 39 </dependency>
 40
 41 <dependency>
 42
 43     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 44
 45     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.context</artifactId>
 46
 47     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 48
 49 </dependency>
 50
 51 <dependency>
 52
 53     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 54
 55     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.context-support</artifactId>
 56
 57     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 58
 59 </dependency>
 60
 61 <dependency>
 62
 63     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 64
 65     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.web</artifactId>
 66
 67     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 68
 69 </dependency>
 70
 71 <dependency>
 72
 73     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 74
 75     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.aop</artifactId>
 76
 77     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
 78
 79 </dependency>
 80
 81 <dependency>
 82
 83     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
 84
 85     <artifactId>jakarta.commons.logging</artifactId>
 86
 87     <version>1.1.1</version>
 88
 89 </dependency>
 90
 91 <dependency>
 92
 93     <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
 94
 95     <artifactId>spring-asm</artifactId>
 96
 97     <version>3.0.6.RELEASE</version>
 98
 99 </dependency>
100
101 <dependency>
102
103     <groupId>com.alibaba.external</groupId>
104
105     <artifactId>sourceforge.spring.modules.expression</artifactId>
106
107     <version>3.0.5.RELEASE</version>
108
109 </dependency>

步骤2：在web.xml中配置spring mvc的入口

 <servlet>

     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>

     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>

     <url-pattern>*.test</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

也可以指定spring servlet拦截之后，Spring mvc的配置文件

 <servlet>

     <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>

     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

     <init-param>

      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

      <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/*.xml</param-value>

     </init-param>

     <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

 </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>

     <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>

     <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>

  </servlet-mapping>

【注意】

1、在src源下面的文件，都将被映射到/WEB-INF/classes/下面，可以使用通配符。

 <init-param>    

             <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>               

             <!--      

               指定XML文件位置     

               <param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/springmvc.xml                

               <param-value>classpath*:springmvc.xml     

              -->    

              <!-- 在classpath路径下去寻找springmvc.xml文件 -->               

              <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml     

             </param-value>    

 </init-param>    

2、<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 让容器启动的时候就加载配置文件

步骤3：如果没有指定spring mvc的映射文件名称，默认使用：在WEB-INF目录下的*-servlet.xml文件，其中*为web.xml中配置的servlet-name。本例为：springmvc，则寻找的配置文件为：springmvc-servlet.xml，里面的配置如下：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"

     xsi:schemaLocation=" 

 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd 

 http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang-2.5.xsd">

     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">

         <property name="mappings">

             <props>

                 <prop key="start.test">LoginSpringAction</prop>

             </props>

         </property>

     </bean>

     <bean id="LoginSpringAction" class="com.alibaba.spring.LoginSpringAction"></bean>

     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">

         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"></property>

         <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

         <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

     </bean>

 </beans>

 解释：如果start.test访问，则使用com.alibaba.spring.LoginSpringAction进行处理。

 处于jsp页面隐藏的考虑，放在/WEB-INF目录下，按照跳转要求，则找/WEB-INF/jsp/start1.jsp页面。其中start1是由Controller继承类中new ModelAndView("start1")决定的。前缀和后缀是在*-servlet.xml中指定的，本例为springmvc-servlet.xml。

   【注意】如果需要使用注解annotation的方式，在需要引入context和mvc命名空间，具体如下：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>     

   <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       

        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"   

        xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"       

        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"   

        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"      

        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd     

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd     

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd     

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd  

        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd"  

         default-autowire="byName">     

   </beans>  

步骤4：LoginSpringAction.java文件

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class LoginSpringAction implements Controller {

    @Override

    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request,

            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

        String username = request.getParameter("username");

        String password = request.getParameter("password");

        System.out.println("username:" + username + ", password:" + password);

        return new ModelAndView("start1");

    }

}

【注意】使用annotation方式，可以避免耦合方式，也方便单元测试

setp 1：为controller的类添加注解：@Controller

setp 2：为方法添加@RequestMapping

在类级别定义：@RequestMapping("/test")，该类的根级别,可选

在方法上定义：@RequestMapping("/start")，相对与类级别，必选，访问方式：/test/start.do

setp 3：在spring servlet配置文件中添加扫描功能，使annotation产生作用

<!-- 把标记了@Controller注解的类转换为bean -->

<context:component-scan base-package="test.controller" />

setp 4：在spring servlet中使用视图解析类，如UrlBasedViewResolver， 在里面配置前缀和后缀，viewClass属性为可选。

步骤5：启动jetty访问，url：http://localhost:8080/start.test, 则后台输出：Controller is working

补充：制作一个index.jsp页面开始运转

 1 <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
 2
 3     pageEncoding="gbk"%>
 4
 5
 6
 7 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
 8
 9 <html>
10
11 <h2>Hello World!</h2>
12
13 <body>
14
15     <form method="get" action="/start.test">
16
17         <table>
18
19             <tr>
20
21                 <th><label for="username">用户名</label>
22
23                 </th>
24
25                 <td><input type="text" id="username" name="username" />
26
27                 </td>
28
29             </tr>
30
31             <tr>
32
33                 <th><label for="password">密码</label>
34
35                 </th>
36
37                 <td><input type="text" id="password" name="password" />
38
39                 </td>
40
41             </tr>
42
43             <tr>
44
45                 <th><label for="submit"></label>
46
47                 </th>
48
49                 <td>
50
51                     <button type="submit" id="submit" name="submit">submit</button> <label
52
53                     for="reset"></label>
54
55                     <button type="reset" id="reset" name="reset">reset</button></td>
56
57             </tr>
58
59
60
61         </table>
62
63     </form>
64
65 </body>
66
67 </html>

访问：http://localhost:8080/index.jsp

【补充】

(1)对于不需要的controller的login.jsp页面，可以使用spring自带的org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController，而不需要自己再写controller的实现。具体配置如下：

<bean id="LoginAction"

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController">

<property name="viewName" value="login"></property>

</bean>

它会根据策略寻找到/WEB-INF/jsp/login.jsp

(2)如果login.test直接找login.jsp，即login是一致的，不需要改变，则可以更加省略，直接写为：

<bean id="LoginAction"

class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.UrlFilenameViewController" />