mysql插入记录INSERT与多表更新

1、第一种：INSERT [INTO] tbl_name[ (col_name, ... ) ]  {VALUES | VALUE}({expr |default}, ... ), (...), ...

如果为自动编号的字段赋值的话，可以采用NULL或者DEFAULT让其采用默认的递增的形式来实现。

INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'Tom', '123', 25, 1);

INSERT users VALUES(NULL, 'John', '456', 3*7-5, 1);

INSERT users VALUES(NULL, 'John', '456', DEFAULT, 1);

INSERT users VALUES(DEFAULT, 'John', '456', 3*7-5, 1), (NULL, 'ROSE',67, DEFAULT, 0);

2、第二种：INSERT [INTO] tbl_name  SET col_name = {expr |DEFAULT}, ...

与第一种方法的区别在于，此方法可以使用子查询（SubQuery）,

一次性只能插入一条记录

INSERT users SET username='Ben', password='456';

多表更新

1、第一种方法

（1）将查询结果写入数据表

INSERT [INTO] tbl_name[(col_name,...)] SELECT...

mysql> SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate; #以goods_cate分组
+---------------+
| goods_cate |
+---------------+
| 台式机 |
| 平板电脑 |
| 服务器/工作站 |
| 游戏本 |
| 笔记本 |
| 笔记本配件 |
| 超级本 |
+---------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM tdb_goods_cates; #创建的数据表
+-----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| cate_id | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| cate_name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
+-----------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT tdb_goods_cates(cate_name) SELECT goods_cate FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY goods_cate;  #将查询结果写入数据表

Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM tdb_goods_cates;
+---------+---------------+
| cate_id | cate_name |
+---------+---------------+
| 1 | 台式机 |
| 2 | 平板电脑 |
| 3 | 服务器/工作站 |
| 4 | 游戏本 |
| 5 | 笔记本 |
| 6 | 笔记本配件 |
| 7 | 超级本 |
+---------+---------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

（2）更新数据表

UPDATE table_references

SET col_name1={expr1|DEFAULT}

[, col_name2={expr2|DEFAULT}]...

[WHERE where_condition]

table_references

{[INNER|CROSS] JOIN | {LEFT|RIGHT} [OUTER] JOIN}

mysql> UPDATE tdb_goods INNER JOIN(内连接) tdb_goods_cates ON goods_cate=cate_name（连接条件） SET goods_cate=cate_id;

Query OK, 22 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Rows matched: 22 Changed: 22 Warnings: 0

修改之前：

*************************** 21. row ***************************
goods_id: 21
goods_name: HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备
goods_cate: 笔记本配件
brand_name: 索尼
goods_price: 6999.000
is_show: 1
is_saleoff: 0
*************************** 22. row ***************************
goods_id: 22
goods_name: 商务双肩背包
goods_cate: 笔记本配件
brand_name: 索尼
goods_price: 99.000
is_show: 1
is_saleoff: 0

修改之后：

*************************** 21. row ***************************
goods_id: 21
goods_name: HMZ-T3W 头戴显示设备
goods_cate: 6
brand_name: 索尼
goods_price: 6999.000
is_show: 1
is_saleoff: 0
*************************** 22. row ***************************
goods_id: 22
goods_name: 商务双肩背包
goods_cate: 6
brand_name: 索尼
goods_price: 99.000
is_show: 1
is_saleoff: 0

方法2：(1)创建数据表同时将查询结果写入到数据表

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] tbl_name

[(create_definition,...)]

select_statement

mysql> CREATE TABLE tdb_goods_brands(
-> brand_id SMALLINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> brand_name VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL
-> )
-> SELECT brand_name FROM tdb_goods GROUP BY brand_name;

(2)更新数据表

mysql> UPDATE tdb_goods AS g INNER JOIN tdb_goods_brands AS b ON g.brand_name=b.
brand_name SET g.brand_name = b.brand_id;

3、第三种：INSERT [INTO] tbl_name [(col_name, ... )]  SELECT ...

说明：此方法可以将查询结果插入到指定数据表

mysql> SELECT * FROM users;
+----+----------+----------+-----+------+
| id | username | password | age | sex |
+----+----------+----------+-----+------+
| 1 | Tom | 123 | 29 | 0 |
| 2 | John | 456 | | 0 |
| 3 | Tom | 123 | 27 | 0 |
| 4 | John | 456 | 27 | 0 |
| 10 | John | 456 | 21 | 0 |
| 11 | ROSE | 67 | 4 | 0 |
| 12 | Ben | 456 | 13 | NULL |
+----+----------+----------+-----+------+

mysql> CREATE TABLE TEST(
-> id TINYINT UNSIGNED PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> username VARCHAR(20)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql>
mysql> SELECT * FROM test;
Empty set (0.02 sec)

mysql> INSERT test(username) SELECT username FROM users WHERE age >=30;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM test;
+----+----------+
| id    | username |
+----+----------+
| 1    | John        |
+----+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)