OpenGL学习—04--彩色立方体
1.tutorial04.cpp
// Include standard headers
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // Include GLEW
#include <GL/glew.h> // Include GLFW
#include <glfw3.h>
GLFWwindow* window; // Include GLM
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
using namespace glm; #include <common/shader.hpp> int main( void )
{
// Initialise GLFW
if( !glfwInit() )
{
fprintf( stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n" );
getchar();
return -1;
} glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // To make MacOS happy; should not be needed
glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE); // Open a window and create its OpenGL context
window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Tutorial 04 - Colored Cube", NULL, NULL);
if( window == NULL ){
fprintf( stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window. If you have an Intel GPU, they are not 3.3 compatible. Try the 2.1 version of the tutorials.\n" );
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
}
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); // Initialize GLEW
glewExperimental = true; // Needed for core profile
if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n");
getchar();
glfwTerminate();
return -1;
} // Ensure we can capture the escape key being pressed below
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GL_TRUE); // Dark blue background
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f); // Enable depth test
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
// Accept fragment if it closer to the camera than the former one
glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); GLuint VertexArrayID;
glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID); // Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
GLuint programID = LoadShaders( "TransformVertexShader.vertexshader", "ColorFragmentShader.fragmentshader" ); // Get a handle for our "MVP" uniform
GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "MVP"); // 获取渲染器变量 // Projection matrix : 45?Field of View, 4:3 ratio, display range : 0.1 unit <-> 100 units
glm::mat4 Projection = glm::perspective(45.0f, 4.0f / 3.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
// Camera matrix
glm::mat4 View = glm::lookAt(
glm::vec3(4,3,-3), // Camera is at (4,3,-3), in World Space
glm::vec3(0,0,0), // and looks at the origin
glm::vec3(0,1,0) // Head is up (set to 0,-1,0 to look upside-down)
);
// Model matrix : an identity matrix (model will be at the origin)
glm::mat4 Model = glm::mat4(1.0f);
// Our ModelViewProjection : multiplication of our 3 matrices
glm::mat4 MVP = Projection * View * Model; // Remember, matrix multiplication is the other way around // Our vertices. Tree consecutive floats give a 3D vertex; Three consecutive vertices give a triangle.
// A cube has 6 faces with 2 triangles each, so this makes 6*2=12 triangles, and 12*3 vertices
static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f
}; // One color for each vertex. They were generated randomly.
static const GLfloat g_color_buffer_data[] = {
0.583f, 0.771f, 0.014f,
0.609f, 0.115f, 0.436f,
0.327f, 0.483f, 0.844f,
0.822f, 0.569f, 0.201f,
0.435f, 0.602f, 0.223f,
0.310f, 0.747f, 0.185f,
0.597f, 0.770f, 0.761f,
0.559f, 0.436f, 0.730f,
0.359f, 0.583f, 0.152f,
0.483f, 0.596f, 0.789f,
0.559f, 0.861f, 0.639f,
0.195f, 0.548f, 0.859f,
0.014f, 0.184f, 0.576f,
0.771f, 0.328f, 0.970f,
0.406f, 0.615f, 0.116f,
0.676f, 0.977f, 0.133f,
0.971f, 0.572f, 0.833f,
0.140f, 0.616f, 0.489f,
0.997f, 0.513f, 0.064f,
0.945f, 0.719f, 0.592f,
0.543f, 0.021f, 0.978f,
0.279f, 0.317f, 0.505f,
0.167f, 0.620f, 0.077f,
0.347f, 0.857f, 0.137f,
0.055f, 0.953f, 0.042f,
0.714f, 0.505f, 0.345f,
0.783f, 0.290f, 0.734f,
0.722f, 0.645f, 0.174f,
0.302f, 0.455f, 0.848f,
0.225f, 0.587f, 0.040f,
0.517f, 0.713f, 0.338f,
0.053f, 0.959f, 0.120f,
0.393f, 0.621f, 0.362f,
0.673f, 0.211f, 0.457f,
0.820f, 0.883f, 0.371f,
0.982f, 0.099f, 0.879f
}; GLuint vertexbuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer); // 创建缓冲区
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer); // 绑定缓冲区
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); // 填充数据到缓冲区 GLuint colorbuffer;
glGenBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_color_buffer_data), g_color_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW); do{ // Clear the screen
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); // Use our shader
glUseProgram(programID); // Send our transformation to the currently bound shader,
// in the "MVP" uniform
glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]); // 将变换矩阵放入渲染器中 // 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); // 与渲染器变量进行关联
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
0, // attribute. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
); // 2nd attribute buffer : colors
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colorbuffer);
glVertexAttribPointer(
1, // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
3, // size
GL_FLOAT, // type
GL_FALSE, // normalized?
0, // stride
(void*)0 // array buffer offset
); // Draw the triangle !
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12*3); // 12*3 indices starting at 0 -> 12 triangles glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(1); // Swap buffers
glfwSwapBuffers(window);
glfwPollEvents(); } // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
while( glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE ) != GLFW_PRESS &&
glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0 ); // Cleanup VBO and shader
glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
glDeleteBuffers(1, &colorbuffer);
glDeleteProgram(programID);
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID); // Close OpenGL window and terminate GLFW
glfwTerminate(); return 0;
}
2. common/shader.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std; #include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h> #include <GL/glew.h> #include "shader.hpp" GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path){ // Create the shaders
GLuint VertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
GLuint FragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER); // Read the Vertex Shader code from the file
std::string VertexShaderCode;
std::ifstream VertexShaderStream(vertex_file_path, std::ios::in);
if(VertexShaderStream.is_open()){
std::string Line = "";
while(getline(VertexShaderStream, Line))
VertexShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
VertexShaderStream.close();
}else{
printf("Impossible to open %s. Are you in the right directory ? Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n", vertex_file_path);
getchar();
return 0;
} // Read the Fragment Shader code from the file
std::string FragmentShaderCode;
std::ifstream FragmentShaderStream(fragment_file_path, std::ios::in);
if(FragmentShaderStream.is_open()){
std::string Line = "";
while(getline(FragmentShaderStream, Line))
FragmentShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
FragmentShaderStream.close();
} GLint Result = GL_FALSE;
int InfoLogLength; // Compile Vertex Shader
printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", vertex_file_path);
char const * VertexSourcePointer = VertexShaderCode.c_str();
glShaderSource(VertexShaderID, 1, &VertexSourcePointer , NULL);
glCompileShader(VertexShaderID); // Check Vertex Shader
glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
std::vector<char> VertexShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
glGetShaderInfoLog(VertexShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
printf("%s\n", &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
} // Compile Fragment Shader
printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", fragment_file_path);
char const * FragmentSourcePointer = FragmentShaderCode.c_str();
glShaderSource(FragmentShaderID, 1, &FragmentSourcePointer , NULL);
glCompileShader(FragmentShaderID); // Check Fragment Shader
glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
std::vector<char> FragmentShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
glGetShaderInfoLog(FragmentShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
printf("%s\n", &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
} // Link the program
printf("Linking program\n");
GLuint ProgramID = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(ProgramID, VertexShaderID);
glAttachShader(ProgramID, FragmentShaderID);
glLinkProgram(ProgramID); // Check the program
glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_LINK_STATUS, &Result);
glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
std::vector<char> ProgramErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
glGetProgramInfoLog(ProgramID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
printf("%s\n", &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
} glDetachShader(ProgramID, VertexShaderID);
glDetachShader(ProgramID, FragmentShaderID); glDeleteShader(VertexShaderID);
glDeleteShader(FragmentShaderID); return ProgramID;
}
3.common/shader.hpp
#ifndef SHADER_HPP
#define SHADER_HPP GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path); #endif
4.shaders/TransformVertexShader.vertexshader
#version 330 core // Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader.
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
layout(location = 1) in vec3 vertexColor; // Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec3 fragmentColor;
// Values that stay constant for the whole mesh.
uniform mat4 MVP; void main(){ // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position
gl_Position = MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1); // The color of each vertex will be interpolated
// to produce the color of each fragment
fragmentColor = vertexColor;
}
5.shaders/ColorFragmentShader.fragmentshader
#version 330 core // Interpolated values from the vertex shaders
in vec3 fragmentColor; // Ouput data
out vec3 color; void main(){ // Output color = color specified in the vertex shader,
// interpolated between all 3 surrounding vertices
color = fragmentColor; }
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