driver匹配元素定位用法大全

 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 from selenium import webdriver
 from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
 from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains  # 引入ActionChains鼠标操作类

 # create capabilities
 capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.INTERNETEXPLORER

 # delete platform and version keys
 capabilities.pop("platform", None)
 capabilities.pop("version", None)

 # start an instance of IE
 # 本身不支持XPath的大多数版本，写xpath时，尽量从一个具有id的元素开始，这样也可以大大提高执行速度
 driver = webdriver.Ie(executable_path=r"C:\Program Files\Internet Explorer\IEDriverServer_x64_3.6.0\IEDriverServer.exe", capabilities=capabilities)
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # 设置窗口最大化
 driver.maximize_window()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #导航
 # “navigate().to()” 和 “get()”  的效果是一样的。一个只是很多比其他更容易输入！
 driver.get("http://www.abchina.com/cn/")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #<div id="coolestWidgetEvah">...</div>
 #匹配id的两种方法
 driver.find_element_by_id("coolestWidgetEvah")
 driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="coolestWidgetEvah")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # <div class="cheese">
 # <span>Gouda</span>
 # </div>
 #匹配class的两种方法
 cheeses = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("cheese")
 driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "cheese")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # <iframe src="..."></iframe>
 #匹配标签元素的两种方法
 frame = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("iframe")
 driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "iframe")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # <input name="cheese" type="text"/>
 #匹配name的两种方法
 driver.find_element_by_name("cheese")
 driver.find_element(By.NAME, "cheese")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #通过链接文本找到元素匹配的两种方法
 # < a href = "http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese" > cheese < / a >
 cheese = driver.find_element_by_link_text("cheese")
 driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "cheese")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # 通过查找部分链接文件匹配元素的两种方法
 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">search for cheese</a>
 driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("cheese")
 driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "cheese")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # 通过CSS的定位
 # <div id="food">
 #
 # <span class="dairy">milk</span>
 #
 # <span class="dairy aged">cheese</span>
 #
 # </div>
 driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#food span.dairy.aged")
 driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#food span.dairy.aged")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #xpath匹配，标签和属性名称小写
 # <input type="text" name="example" />
 # <INPUT type="text" name="other" />
 driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input")
 driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "//input")
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #用户输入--填写表单
 select = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select")
 allOptions = select.find_elements_by_tag_name("option")
 for option in allOptions:
     print "Value is: " + option.get_attribute("value")
     option.click()

 from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select

 select = Select(driver.find_element_by_tag_name("select"))
 select.deselect_all()
 select.select_by_visible_text("Edam")

 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 #提交,点击操作
 driver.find_element_by_id("submit").click()
 driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="btn_query"]').submit()
 driver.find_element_by_id('btn_query').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
 driver.execute_script("var login=document.getElementById('btn_query');login.click();")

　　element=driver.find_element_by_xpath(menu) 
　　driver.execute_script("arguments[0].click();", element)
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #模拟划过操作
 article=driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@class="spanone1"]//img')
 ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(article).perform()  # 将鼠标移动到这里
 ActionChains(driver).context_click(article).perform()

 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # 移动Windows和框架（Frames）
 # <a href="somewhere.html" target="windowName">Click here to open a new window</a>
 #移动到定向窗口
 driver.switch_to_window("windowName")
 driver.switch_to.window("windowName")

 # 通过“window handle”的“switchTo().window()”方法。遍历所有打开的窗口
 for handle in driver.window_handles:
     driver.switch_to_window(handle)
     driver.switch_to.window(handle)

 #获得当前窗口句柄
 nowhandle=driver.current_window_handle
 #返回的所有窗口的句柄到当前会话
 allhandles=driver.window_handles

 print driver.current_window_handle
 print driver.window_handles

 for handle in allhandles:
     if handle != nowhandle:
         # 用于处理多窗口之前切换，
         driver.switch_to_window(handle)

 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 # 从frames到frames（或到iframe中）
 # switch_to_frame(),用于处理多框架的切换
 driver.switch_to_frame("frameName")
 #跳出iframe
 driver.switch_to_default_content()

 #进入iframe标签
 driver.switch_to.frame("contentFrame")
 # 跳出frame, 进入default content;
 driver.switch_to.default_content()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #弹出对话框
 driver.switch_to_alert()
 driver.switch_to.alert()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------

 #前进后退功能
 driver.forward()
 driver.back()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # Cookies

 # ＃转到正确的域
 driver.get("http://www.example.com")

 # ＃现在在这里的整个域设置的cookie,
 # ＃这里的cookie的名称是'key'，它的值是'value'的
 driver.add_cookie({'name': 'key', 'value': 'value', 'path': '/'})

 # additional keys that can be passed in are:
 # 'domain' -> String,
 # 'secure' -> Boolean,
 # 'expiry' -> Milliseconds since the Epoch it should expire.

 # 现在的输出当前URL的所有可用的cookies
 for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
     print "%s -> %s" % (cookie['name'], cookie['value'])

 # You can delete cookies in 2 ways
 # By name
 driver.delete_cookie("CookieName")
 # Or
 driver.delete_all_cookies()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # 使用执行拖放动作类。本地事件事件需要被激活
 from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
 element = driver.find_element_by_name("source")
 target =  driver.find_element_by_name("target")

 ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(element, target).perform()
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # HtmlUnit的驱动程序
 driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub", webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.HTMLUNIT)
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # 启用JavaScript
 driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4444/wd/hub", webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.HTMLUNITWITHJS)
 #----------------------------------------------------------------
 # Firefox Driver
 driver = webdriver.Firefox()

 #修改火狐简介
 profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()
 profile.native_events_enabled = True
 driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)