不就是语法和长难句吗—笔记总结Day4

第六课　　英语的特殊结构

1、强调句型

It is...that / who / which（少见）...

* 强调句型可以强调句子中所有成分（唯一不能强调谓语）*

 It is obviously that I love you.　　（强调句型）

 It is obvious that I love you.

2、倒装

 1）什么是倒装

倒装就是把一句话写成一般疑问句形式，也就是给一句话加助动词或把be动词放在句首

 2）倒装的具体用法

·  否定词放在句首用倒装

I can hardly speak Japanese.

Hardly can I speak Japanese.

I by no means love you.

By no means do I love you.

·  so，nor / neither 位于句首，表示承前句子的肯定或否定表示倒装

·  含有 so...that...结构的句子将 so 引导的部分置于句首时用倒装

·  only 引出的状语从句放句首时用倒装

·  as 引导让步状语从句，从句表语可以放在句首构成部分倒装

·  省略 if 的虚拟语气用倒装

 2）倒装的具体用法

- 写作

·  文化交流不但能促进我们国家经济发展，而且还能开阔个人视野

·  Not only can cultural exchange promote economic advance but also make our eyesight broad.

·  我累得浑身都没劲了

·  So exhausted am I that I have no energy throughout.

- 长难句分析

还原倒装部分后再作翻译

3、虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示与事实相反或语气委婉

一般用法：

If 引导的条件状语从句

· If you are were a tear in my eyes，I will would never shed it.　　（虚拟语气）

· If I was had been a dog last night，I could sleep have slept with you in bed.

如何把正常条件状语从句变成虚拟语气：

只需要把已写好句子的时态变为过去式，并且在虚拟语气中（be 动词的过去式为 were，could = would = might）

If I remembered you in my next life，we would never seperate with each other.

特殊用法：

1）以下情况从句用 " should + v." 表示虚拟，并且should可以省略。

以防：incase，lest，for fear that

命令：order，direct，command

建议：advise，suggest，propose

要求：ask，request，demand，require　　用虚拟

是必要的：It is necessary / important that...

例：In case that you should develop fatal infections，you had stay at home.

　　It seems crucial that more activities should（可省略） be attended to show myself.

2）以下情况从句用过去式时表示虚拟

用一般过去式时表示虚拟：常见 would rather 与 It is high time that...

　　It is high time that the independance of kids were cultivated by senior citizens.

3）以下情况区别对待

把本来时态写成过去式：

· 常见词 wish，if only，but for，or/otherwise，as though/as if（好像，似乎） 等

　If only I were your child.

　If only I had been your child.

4、情态动词

1. 情态动词 + 动词原形（表示对现在和将来的推测）

I must be wealthy in the future

It can be a boy

2. （表示对过去的推测）

He must have been self-abased in his University.

注：must have done（一定做过某事）　　否定：can not　　禁止：must not

You need not have shown your love in this way.

注：need not have done（本没必要做某事，但做了）

I could have become a prominent poet.

注：could have done（本能够做某事却没有做，表示遗憾）

We should have got married if there exists a chance.

注：should have done（本应该做某事，却没有做）