[原]greenplum安装详细过程

　　今天又帮其他项目装了一遍GP，加上之前的两次，这是第三次了，虽然每次都有记录，但这次安装还是发现漏写了一些步骤，在此详细记录一下，需要的童鞋可以借鉴。

1、准备

　　这里准备了4台服务器，1台做master，1台做standby，4台都做存储，为了保密真实的IP地址和主机名都换成“艺名”了。

OS:Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.4 (Santiago)
GP:greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.zip
JDK:1.7+

192.168.1.100　　bj-gp-node1(segment master)
192.168.1.101　　bj-gp-node2(segment standby)
192.168.1.102　　bj-gp-node3(segment)
192.168.1.103　　bj-gp-node4(segment)

greenplum官网下载地址：http://gpn.greenplum.com/download.php （注：需要注册后才能下载）

2、系统参数配置

　　系统参数配置的修改需要在每个节点服务器上执行

2.1.修改Linux内核参数

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled.  See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
#
# Use '/sbin/sysctl -a' to list all possible parameters.

# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 1

# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

# Disable netfilter on bridges
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0

# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmnb = 65536

# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmax = 65536
kernel.msgmni = 2048

kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048

# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
#kernel.shmmax = 68719476736
kernel.shmmax = 500000000
kernel.shmmni = 4096

# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
#kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmall = 4000000000

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=4096
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535
net.core.netdev_max_backlog=10000
vm.overcommit_memory=2
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1
net.core.rmem_max = 2097152
net.core.wmem_max = 2097152

2.2.修改Linux最大限制

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#greenplum configs
* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc 131072
* hard nproc 131072

2.3.I/O调整优化

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst
#greenplum configs
elevator=deadline

2.4.添加所有节点到HOST

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.100　　bj-gp-node1
192.168.1.101　　bj-gp-node2
192.168.1.102　　bj-gp-node3
192.168.1.103　　bj-gp-node4

2.5.关闭防火墙

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# chkconfig --list iptables
[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# chkconfig --level 0123456 iptables off

2.6.设置SELINUX

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

2.7.重启系统使配置生效

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# reboot

3、GP安装

　　GP的安装操作都是在主节点master上执行的

3.1.创建gpadmin用户

[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# useradd gpadmin
[root@bj-gp-node1 ~]# passwd gpadmin

3.2.设置gpadmin用户环境

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ cd /home/gpadmin
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ vi .bashrc

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

.bashrc和.bash_profile最后都添加下面两行

source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh 
export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/data1/gpdata/master/gpseg-1

设置完后记得source一下使其立即生效

3.3.上传并解压安装包

将greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.zip上传至master的/opt/目录下

[root@bj-gp-node1 opt]# /bin/bash greenplum-db-4.3.6.2-build-1-RHEL5-x86_64.bin

按提示输入回车或yes 这一步会将安装包解压到/usr/local/下，并建立软连接greenplum-db

3.4.准备节点服务器信息文件

后面的批量安装会用到这两个文件，如果all_host和all_segment内容一样，可以只创建一个文件

[root@bj-gp-node1 opt]# mkdir -p /opt/gpinit/
[root@bj-gp-node1 gpinit]# touch all_host
[root@bj-gp-node1 gpinit]# touch all_segment
all_host和all_segment内容：
bj-gp-node1
bj-gp-node2
bj-gp-node3
bj-gp-node4

3.5.建立节点服务器间的信任

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh-exkeys -f /opt/gpinit/all_host

按照提示输入root密码，记住这一步不能输入gpadmin的密码，因为批量安装时需要在/usr/local下创建目录，需要root权限

3.6.批量安装

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpseginstall -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -u gpadmin -p gpadmin

这一步其实就是将master上的greenplum打包通过scp命令传到all_host中的主机上，并赋予目录gpadmin的权限

3.7.检查批量安装情况

[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e ls -l $GPHOME

返回结果中各节点目录一致则成功

3.8.创建存储目录

master
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/master
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/master

segment
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e 'mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/primary'
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_host -e 'chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/primary'

mirror
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_segment -e 'mkdir -p /data1/gpdata/mirror'
[root@bj-gp-node1 local]# gpssh -f /opt/gpinit/all_segment -e 'chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/mirror'

3.9.设置时钟同步

vi /etc/ntp.conf 在server第一行添加下面两行 
server 192.168.1.1
server 192.168.1.2
重启ntpd服务 /etc/init.d/ntpd restart
查看ntp同步情况 ntpq -p
使ntpd服务重启服务器后也启动 chkconfig --level 0123456 ntpd on

3.10.创建GP初始化文件

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ mkdir /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ cp /usr/local/greenplum-db/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config
[gpadmin@tj-soc-c04-csfb1 gpconfigs]$ chmod 775 gpinitsystem_config

3.10修改GP初始化文件

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 gpconfigs]$ vi gpinitsystem_config

# FILE NAME: gpinitsystem_config

# Configuration file needed by the gpinitsystem

################################################
#### REQUIRED PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Name of this Greenplum system enclosed in quotes.
ARRAY_NAME="BJ Greenplum DW"

#### Naming convention for utility-generated data directories.
SEG_PREFIX=gpseg

#### Base number by which primary segment port numbers
#### are calculated.
PORT_BASE=40000

#### File system location(s) where primary segment data directories
#### will be created. The number of locations in the list dictate
#### the number of primary segments that will get created per
#### physical host (if multiple addresses for a host are listed in
#### the hostfile, the number of segments will be spread evenly across
#### the specified interface addresses).
declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data1/gpdata/primary /data1/gpdata/primary)

#### OS-configured hostname or IP address of the master host.
MASTER_HOSTNAME=bj-gp-node1

#### File system location where the master data directory
#### will be created.
MASTER_DIRECTORY=/data1/gpdata/master

#### Port number for the master instance.
MASTER_PORT=5432

#### Shell utility used to connect to remote hosts.
TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh

#### Maximum log file segments between automatic WAL checkpoints.
CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8

#### Default server-side character set encoding.
ENCODING=UNICODE

################################################
#### OPTIONAL MIRROR PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Base number by which mirror segment port numbers
#### are calculated.
MIRROR_PORT_BASE=50000

#### Base number by which primary file replication port
#### numbers are calculated.
REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=41000

#### Base number by which mirror file replication port
#### numbers are calculated.
MIRROR_REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=51000

#### File system location(s) where mirror segment data directories
#### will be created. The number of mirror locations must equal the
#### number of primary locations as specified in the
#### DATA_DIRECTORY parameter.
declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data1/gpdata/mirror /data1/gpdata/mirror)

################################################
#### OTHER OPTIONAL PARAMETERS
################################################

#### Create a database of this name after initialization.
DATABASE_NAME=bj_gp

#### Specify the location of the host address file here instead of
#### with the the -h option of gpinitsystem.
#MACHINE_LIST_FILE=/home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/hostfile_gpinitsystem

3.11.初始化GP

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpinitsystem -c /home/gpadmin/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config -h /opt/gpinit/all_host
中间需要输入一次：Y

如果没有报ERROR，GP数据库就安装好了。下面讲一些附加操作

4、附加项

4.1增加standby

一个gp集群只有一个master肯定会让人不放心，还好有备用，当master宕掉后，会自动启用standby作为master，下面来看一下standby怎么添加

在standby服务器上执行
[root@bj-gp-node2 ~]# mkdir /data1/gpdata/master
[root@bj-gp-node2 ~]# chown gpadmin:gpadmin /data1/gpdata/master

在master服务器上执行  
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpinitstandby -s bj-gp-node2
中间输入一次Y

4.2.增加mirror

mirror就是镜像，也叫数据备份。mirror对于数据存储来说很重要，因为我们的服务器指不定什么时候出毛病，有mirror就好很多了，因为两台存储节点同时宕掉的几率还是很小的。如果前面在GP初始化文件里忘记配置mirror了，请按照下面的方法添加

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ gpaddmirrors -p 1000
运行过程中需要输入两次mirror路径：/data1/gpdata/mirror

4.3.设置访问权限

打开/data1/gpdata/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf 按照最下面的格式添加客户端ip或网段

#user define
host    all     all     192.168.1.0/24   trust
host    all     all     127.0.0.1/28    trust

4.4.访问方式

可以通过gpAdmin桌面客户端来访问，也可以用命令行来访问，下面来说一下命令行访问的方式，loach是后面添加的用户

[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ psql -d tj_csfb -h bj-gp-node1 -p 5432 -U gpadmin
[gpadmin@bj-gp-node1 ~]$ psql -d tj_csfb -h bj-gp-node1 -p 5432 -U loach

4.5.创建用户

通过命令行登录以后，执行下面的命令

CREATE ROLE loach WITH LOGIN;
ALTER ROLE loach WITH PASSWORD 'loach';