ORM执行原生SQL语句

# 1.connection
from django.db import connection, connections
cursor = connection.cursor()  # cursor = connections['default'].cursor()
cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
ret = cursor.fetchone()

有点像pymysql

2.extra

extra(select=None, where=None, params=None,
      tables=None, order_by=None, select_params=None)

select选择，参数是字典的形式

time_type = models.Article.objects.filter(user=user_obj)
    time_list = time_type.extra(
        select={"new_time": "date_format(create_time, '%%Y-%%m')"}
    ).values("new_time").annotate(time_count=Count("nid")).values("new_time", "time_count")

3.raw

# 执行原生SQL
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo')

# 如果SQL是其他表时，必须将名字设置为当前UserInfo对象的主键列名
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from 其他表')

# 为原生SQL设置参数
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from userinfo where nid>%s', params=[,])

name_map = {'first': 'first_name', 'last': 'last_name', 'bd': 'birth_date', 'pk': 'id'}
Person.objects.raw('SELECT * FROM some_other_table', translations=name_map)