搭建httpd服务

实验环境:CentOS7

实验步骤：

1. 安装httpd服务：yum -y install httpd
2. 关闭SELinux：setenforce 0
3. 禁用防火墙策略：iptables -F
4. 启动httpd服务：systemctl start httpd
5. 启动进程后，在不重启服务的情况下，生效对配置文件的修改(用kill -1)：kill -1 PID(httpd)

[root@localhost ~]#yum -y install httpd #安装httpd服务

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status httpd　　#查看httpd服务的启动状态
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl reload httpd　　#重新加载httpd服务
Job for httpd.service invalid.
[root@localhost ~]#netstat -ntl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:111             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 192.168.122.1:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:25            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6010          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6011          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 :::111                  :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 ::1:25                  :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6010                :::*                    LISTEN
tcp6       0      0 ::1:6011                :::*                    LISTEN    

[root@localhost ~]#systemctl start httpd　　#启动httpd服务
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl status httpd
● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Tue 2017-05-09 10:52:27 CST; 26s ago
     Docs: man:httpd(8)
           man:apachectl(8)
 Main PID: 44037 (httpd)
   Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic:   0 B/sec"
   CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
           ├─44037 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─44038 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─44039 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─44040 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           ├─44041 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
           └─44042 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain httpd[44037]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determin...ge
May 09 10:52:27 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@localhost ~]#netstat -ntlp　　#查看80端口是否启动

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp 0 0 192.168.122.1:53 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2257/dnsmasq
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 946/cupsd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2159/master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 35010/sshd: root@pt
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6011 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 35946/sshd: root@pt
tcp6 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1/systemd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 44037/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1001/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 946/cupsd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2159/master
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 35010/sshd: root@pt
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6011 :::* LISTEN 35946/sshd: root@pt

[root@localhost ~]#iptables -F　　#禁用防火墙策略

[root@localhost conf]#getenforce 　　#关闭SELinux
Enforcing
[root@localhost conf]#setenforce
usage: setenforce [ Enforcing | Permissive | 1 | 0 ]
[root@localhost conf]#setenforce 0
[root@localhost conf]#getenforce
Permissive

/var/www/html　　　　　　#网页主页的目录
[root@localhost ~]#cd /var　　
[root@localhost var]#ls
account  cache  db     games   kerberos  local  log   nis  preserve  spool   tmp  yp
adm      crash  empty  gopher  lib       lock   mail  opt  run       target  www
[root@localhost var]#cd www
[root@localhost www]#ls
cgi-bin  html
[root@localhost www]#cd html
[root@localhost html]#ls
[root@localhost html]#echo  welcome to first magedu>index.html　　#添加主页文件和信息
[root@localhost html]#ls
index.html
[root@localhost html]#cat index.html
welcome to first magedu

[root@localhost html]#cd /etc/httpd
[root@localhost httpd]#ls
conf  conf.d  conf.modules.d  logs  modules  run
[root@localhost httpd]#cd conf
[root@localhost conf]#ls
httpd.conf  magic
[root@localhost conf]#pwd
/etc/httpd/conf　　　　　　　　#httpd服务的配置文件目录
[root@localhost conf]#ls
httpd.conf  magic
[root@localhost conf]#file httpd.conf
httpd.conf: ASCII text
[root@localhost conf]#cat httpd.conf

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or
# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>
# directive.
#
# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to
# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.
#
#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 80

Include conf.modules.d/*.conf

#
# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run
# httpd as root initially and it will switch.
#
# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.
# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for
# running httpd, as with most system services.
#
User apache
Group apache

# 'Main' server configuration
#
# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'
# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a
# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for
# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.
#
# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,
# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the
# virtual host being defined.
#

#
# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be
# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such
# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com
#
ServerAdmin root@localhost

#
# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.
# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify
# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.
#
# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.
#
#ServerName www.example.com:80

#
# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must
# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other
# <Directory> blocks below.
#
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>

#
# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow
# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as
# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it
# below.
#

#
# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your
# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but
# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.
#
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"　　#可修改主页的目录

#
# Relax access to content within /var/www.
#
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    # Allow open access:
    Require all granted
</Directory>

    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks

    #
    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.
    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:
    #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
    #
    AllowOverride None

    #
    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
    #
    Require all granted
</Directory>

#
# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory
# is requested.
#
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>

#
# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being
# viewed by Web clients.
#
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>

#
# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.
# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>
# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be
# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>
# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.
#
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"

#
# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.
# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
# alert, emerg.
#
LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>
    #
    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with
    # a CustomLog directive (see below).
    #
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>
      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>

    #
    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).
    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>
    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*
    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be
    # logged therein and *not* in this file.
    #
    #CustomLog "logs/access_log" common

    #
    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information
    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.
    #
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>
    #
    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to
    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client
    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.
    # Example:
    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #
    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to
    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.
    # Example:
    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path
    #
    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will
    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely
    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to
    # the filesystem path.

    #
    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.
    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that
    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and
    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the
    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
    # directives as to Alias.
    #
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"

</IfModule>

#
# "/var/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
#
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>

<IfModule mime_module>
    #
    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from
    # filename extension to MIME-type.
    #
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types

    #
    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration
    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.
    #
    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz
    #
    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress
    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.
    #
    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z
    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz
    #
    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you
    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:
    #
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #
    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":
    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server
    # or added with the Action directive (see below)
    #
    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:
    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):
    #AddHandler type-map var

    #
    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.
    #
    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):
    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)
    #
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>

AddDefaultCharset UTF-8

<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    #
    # The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the
    # contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile
    # directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.
    #
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>

#
# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:
# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects
#
# Some examples:
#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."
#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html
#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"
#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html
#

#
# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,
# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver
# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must
# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted
# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise
# broken on your system.
# Defaults if commented: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off
#
#EnableMMAP off
EnableSendfile on

# Supplemental configuration
#
# Load config files in the "/etc/httpd/conf.d" directory, if any.
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

[root@localhost conf]#kill -1 44037　　#修改完配置文件后，重读配置文件