【Linux】sed文本处理及软件管理
软件管理
1、编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问
安装编译相关工具包
root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# yum install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel pcredevel -y
下载并解压 httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache//httpd/httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# tar xvf httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.48 httpd-2.4.48.tar.gz ps1.bak setup.sh system_info.sh
生成安装配置内容： 将安装目录设置在 /data/httpd，配置文件路径 /etc/httpd
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# cd httpd-2.4.48/
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE build CMakeLists.txt httpd.dep InstallBin.dsp Makefile.in README srclib
acinclude.m4 BuildAll.dsp config.layout httpd.dsp LAYOUT Makefile.win README.CHANGES support
Apache-apr2.dsw BuildBin.dsp configure httpd.mak libhttpd.dep modules README.cmake test
Apache.dsw buildconf configure.in httpd.spec libhttpd.dsp NOTICE README.platforms VERSIONING
apache_probes.d CHANGES docs include libhttpd.mak NWGNUmakefile ROADMAP
ap.d changes-entries emacs-style INSTALL LICENSE os server
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]#./configure --prefix=/data/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd
进行编译,编译过程出错：
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# make
......
gcc: error: /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld: No such file or directory
make[4]: *** [/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/aaa/modules.mk:2: mod_authn_file.la] Error 1
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/aaa'
make[3]: *** [/root/httpd-2.4.48/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/aaa'
make[2]: *** [/root/httpd-2.4.48/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules'
make[1]: *** [/root/httpd-2.4.48/build/rules.mk:117: shared-build-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48'
make: *** [/root/httpd-2.4.48/build/rules.mk:75: all-recursive] Error 1 查看缺失文件来源
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# yum provides /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld
Last metadata expiration check: 0:35:42 ago on Sun 08 Aug 2021 08:23:31 PM CST.
redhat-rpm-config-125-1.el8.noarch : Red Hat specific rpm configuration files
Repo : AppStream
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld 安装缺失的组件
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# yum install redhat-rpm-config-125-1.el8.noarch -y
重新进行编译，编译成功未出现报错提示
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# make
.......
/usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -pthread -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I. -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/os/unix -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/include -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/aaa -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/cache -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/core -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/database -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/filters -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/ldap -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/loggers -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/lua -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/proxy -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/http2 -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/session -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/ssl -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/test -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/server -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/md -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/arch/unix -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/dav/main -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/generators -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers -prefer-pic -c mod_alias.c && touch mod_alias.slo
/usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -pthread -o mod_alias.la -rpath /data/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_alias.lo
/usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -pthread -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I. -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/os/unix -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/include -I/usr/include/apr-1 -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/aaa -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/cache -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/core -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/database -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/filters -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/ldap -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/loggers -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/lua -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/proxy -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/http2 -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/session -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/ssl -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/test -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/server -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/md -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/arch/unix -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/dav/main -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/generators -I/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers -prefer-pic -c mod_rewrite.c && touch mod_rewrite.slo
/usr/lib64/apr-1/build/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -pthread -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /data/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/support' make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48'
进行编译安装
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd-2.4.48]# make install
......
Building shared: mod_vhost_alias.la mod_negotiation.la mod_dir.la mod_actions.la mod_speling.la mod_userdir.la mod_alias.la mod_rewrite.la
make[4]: Entering directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers'
make[4]: Nothing to be done for 'local-shared-build'.
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48/support' Installing configuration files
mkdir /etc/httpd
mkdir /etc/httpd/extra
mkdir /etc/httpd/original
mkdir /etc/httpd/original/extra
Installing HTML documents
mkdir /data/httpd/htdocs
Installing error documents
mkdir /data/httpd/error
Installing icons
mkdir /data/httpd/icons
mkdir /data/httpd/logs
Installing CGIs
mkdir /data/httpd/cgi-bin
Installing header files
mkdir /data/httpd/include
Installing build system files
mkdir /data/httpd/build
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /data/httpd/man
mkdir /data/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /data/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /data/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/httpd-2.4.48'
配置环境，将程序运行路径写入环境变量配置，并刷新生效
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 bin]# echo "PATH=//data/httpd/bin:$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 bin]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 bin]#
创建用户 apache,设定用户目录为 /data/httpd/www ，指定使用apache 运行 httpd 服务
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 bin]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /data/httpd/www -c Apache -u 80 apache [root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd]# sed -ri.bak -e "s/daemon$/apache/g" /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd]# cat /etc/httpd/httpd.conf | grep "^[(User)|(Group)]"
User apache
Group apache
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 httpd]#
启动服务
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# apachectl start
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]#
打开浏览器验证服务
2、基于已安装完成的 httpd 服务，搭建私有yum仓库，分别为引用 网络源和本地源
基于网络源（Zabbix）
配置httpd默认路径 /data/httpd/www
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# cat /etc/httpd/httpd.conf | grep "/data/httpd"
ServerRoot "/data/httpd"
DocumentRoot "/data/httpd/htdocs"
<Directory "/data/httpd/htdocs">
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/data/httpd/cgi-bin/"
# "/data/httpd/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
<Directory "/data/httpd/cgi-bin">
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# sed -ri "s@/data/httpd/htdocs@/data/httpd/www@g" /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# cat /etc/httpd/httpd.conf | grep "/data/httpd"
ServerRoot "/data/httpd"
DocumentRoot "/data/httpd/www"
<Directory "/data/httpd/www">
ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/data/httpd/cgi-bin/"
# "/data/httpd/cgi-bin" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased
<Directory "/data/httpd/cgi-bin">
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]#
在 /data/httpd/www 下创建文件 index.html 用于验证目录切换，重启apache 服务
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# echo "This is `hostname -I`" > /data/httpd/www/index.html
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# apachectl restart
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]#
创建目录 /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64
oot@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# mkdir -p /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]#
前期准备。配置zabbix网络源
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 x86_64]# yum repolist
repo id repo name
AppStream AppStream
BaseOS BaseOS
zabbix zabbix
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 x86_64]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=zabbix
baseurl=https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/4.0/rhel/8/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix-official-repo.key
enabled=1
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 x86_64]#
使用dnf命令将zabbix下的源仓库下载至本地目录 /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 x86_64]# dnf reposync --repoid=zabbix --download-metadata -p /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64
zabbix 936 B/s | 2.9 kB 00:03
zabbix 33 kB/s | 788 kB 00:23
(1/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.11-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 16 kB/s | 422 kB 00:27
(2/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.11-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 15 kB/s | 423 kB 00:27
(3/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.12-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 423 kB 00:30
(4/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.14-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 425 kB 00:30
(5/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.15-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 427 kB 00:31
(6/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.13-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 11 kB/s | 424 kB 00:37
(7/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.17-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 15 kB/s | 429 kB 00:28
(8/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.16-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 12 kB/s | 428 kB 00:36
(9/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.17-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 430 kB 00:30
(10/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.19-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 434 kB 00:31
(11/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.20-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 13 kB/s | 435 kB 00:33
(12/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.21-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 20 kB/s | 436 kB 00:21
(13/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.18-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.0 kB/s | 431 kB 01:01
(14/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.21-2.el8.x86_64.rpm 12 kB/s | 436 kB 00:36
(15/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.22-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 16 kB/s | 436 kB 00:26
(16/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.24-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 13 kB/s | 437 kB 00:33
(17/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.23-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 9.3 kB/s | 436 kB 00:47
(18/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.25-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 17 kB/s | 438 kB 00:26
(19/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.28-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 13 kB/s | 439 kB 00:32
(20/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.26-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 12 kB/s | 438 kB 00:37
(21/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.27-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 9.1 kB/s | 438 kB 00:48
(22/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.29-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 8.0 kB/s | 439 kB 00:54
(23/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.30-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.2 kB/s | 440 kB 01:01
(24/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.31-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 7.2 kB/s | 444 kB 01:01
(25/326): zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 18 kB/s | 444 kB 00:25
(26/326): zabbix-get-4.0.11-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 14 kB/s | 292 kB 00:21
...... (313/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.20-1.el8.noarch.rpm 119 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(314/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.21-1.el8.noarch.rpm 123 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(315/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.21-2.el8.noarch.rpm 124 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(316/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.22-1.el8.noarch.rpm 124 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(317/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.23-1.el8.noarch.rpm 113 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(318/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.24-1.el8.noarch.rpm 120 kB/s | 14 kB 00:00
(319/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.25-1.el8.noarch.rpm 128 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(320/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.26-1.el8.noarch.rpm 127 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(321/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.27-1.el8.noarch.rpm 132 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(322/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.28-1.el8.noarch.rpm 121 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(323/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.29-1.el8.noarch.rpm 122 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(324/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.30-1.el8.noarch.rpm 126 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(325/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.31-1.el8.noarch.rpm 138 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
(326/326): zabbix-web-pgsql-4.0.32-1.el8.noarch.rpm 71 kB/s | 15 kB 00:00
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 x86_64]#
本地源镜像
将本地光盘挂载至 /mnt
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
mount: /mnt: WARNING: device write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# ls /mnt
AppStream BaseOS EFI images isolinux LICENSE media.repo TRANS.TBL
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]#
将 AppStream BaseOS 拷贝至 /data/httpd/www//mirror/centos/8/x86_64
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# cp -r /mnt/AppStream /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64/
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# cp -r /mnt/BaseOS /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64/
[root@mirror-centos8-p11 ~]# ls /data/httpd/www/mirror/centos/8/x86_64/
AppStream BaseOS zabbix
客户端验证
清理原有yum源配置
[root@CentOS8 ~]# mkdir /etc/yum.repos.d/repo.bak
[root@CentOS8 ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/repo.bak
新建yum配置，将地址指向内网仓库 10.0.0.11
[root@CentOS8 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/yumlist.repo [BaseOS]
name=BaseOS
baseurl=http://10.0.0.11/mirror/centos/$releasever/$basearch/BaseOS
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1 [AppStream]
name=AppStream
baseurl=http://10.0.0.11/mirror/centos/$releasever/$basearch/AppStream
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1 [zabbix4.0]
name=Zabbix4.0
baseurl=http://10.0.0.11/mirror/centos/$releasever/$basearch/zabbix
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
进行验证
[root@CentOS8 ~]# yum makecache
BaseOS 21 MB/s | 2.5 MB 00:00
AppStream 45 MB/s | 7.1 MB 00:00
Zabbix4.0 22 MB/s | 211 kB 00:00
Metadata cache created.
尝试安装zabbix-agent
[root@CentOS8 ~]# yum install zabbix-agent.x86_64 -y
Last metadata expiration check: 0:03:26 ago on Mon 09 Aug 2021 12:18:35 AM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
==============================================================================================================================================
Package Architecture Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
zabbix-agent x86_64 4.0.32-1.el8 zabbix4.0 444 k Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package Total download size: 444 k
Installed size: 1.9 M
Downloading Packages:
zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 30 MB/s | 444 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 27 MB/s | 444 kB 00:00
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
Preparing : 1/1
Running scriptlet: zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64 1/1
Installing : zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64 1/1
Running scriptlet: zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64 1/1 Installed:
zabbix-agent-4.0.32-1.el8.x86_64 Complete!
[root@CentOS8 ~]#
验证完成，自建内网仓库可用
sed文本处理
3、利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址
[root@CentOS8 ~]# ifconfig ens160
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.0.8 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.0.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fee1:7a9e prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:e1:7a:9e txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1220 bytes 152403 (148.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 979 bytes 105624 (103.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@CentOS8 ~]# ifconfig ens160 | sed -rn "s/.*inet ([0-9].*)\snetmask.*/\1/p"
10.0.0.8
[root@CentOS8 ~]#
4、删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat /etc/fstab #
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 12 15:41:50 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=171bcdb1-4ccb-46fd-85ea-0f028cd5fe36 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-data /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-swap none swap defaults 0 0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sed -r "s/^#[[:space:]]+(.*)/\1/p" /etc/fstab #
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 12 15:41:50 2021
Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 12 15:41:50 2021
#
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
units generated from this file.
units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=171bcdb1-4ccb-46fd-85ea-0f028cd5fe36 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-data /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-swap none swap defaults 0 0
[root@CentOS8 ~]#
5、处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名
[root@CentOS8 ~]# cat /etc/fstab #
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 12 15:41:50 2021
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
/dev/mapper/cl-root / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=171bcdb1-4ccb-46fd-85ea-0f028cd5fe36 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-data /data xfs defaults 0 0
/dev/mapper/cl-swap none swap defaults 0 0
[root@CentOS8 ~]# sed -rn "/^[^#|$]/s/^(\S+)\s*(\S+).*/\1 \2/p" /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/cl-root /
UUID=171bcdb1-4ccb-46fd-85ea-0f028cd5fe36 /boot
/dev/mapper/cl-data /data
/dev/mapper/cl-swap none
[root@CentOS8 ~]#
6、列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)
apt 语法
apt [options] [command] [package ...]
- options：可选，选项包括 -h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。
- command：要进行的操作。
- package：安装的包名。
apt 常用命令
列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：sudo apt update
升级软件包：sudo apt upgrade
列出可更新的软件包及版本信息：apt list --upgradeable
升级软件包，升级前先删除需要更新软件包：sudo apt full-upgrade
安装指定的软件命令：sudo apt install <package_name>
安装多个软件包：sudo apt install <package_1> <package_2> <package_3>
更新指定的软件命令：sudo apt update <package_name>
显示软件包具体信息,例如：版本号，安装大小，依赖关系等等：sudo apt show <package_name>
删除软件包命令：sudo apt remove <package_name>
清理不再使用的依赖和库文件: sudo apt autoremove
移除软件包及配置文件: sudo apt purge <package_name>
查找软件包命令： sudo apt search <keyword>
列出所有已安装的包：apt list --installed
列出所有已安装的包的版本信息：apt list --all-versions
【Linux】sed文本处理及软件管理的更多相关文章
- Linux - sed 文本操作
SED 是一项Linux指令,功能同awk类似,差别在于,sed简单,对列处理的功能要差一些,awk的功能复杂,对列处理的功能比较强大. sed全称是:Stream EDitor 调用sed命令有两种 ...
- linux sed文本
sed介绍 sed(stream editor)是一种非交互式的流编辑器,通过多种转换修改流经它的文本.默认情况下,sed不会改变原文件本身,而只是对流经sed命令的文本进行修改,并将修改后的结果打印 ...
- Linux的文本处理工具浅谈-awk sed grep
Linux的文本处理工具浅谈 awk 老大 [功能说明] 用于文本处理的语言(取行,过滤),支持正则 NR代表行数,$n取某一列,$NF最后一列 NR==20,NR==30 从20行到30行 FS ...
- linux 软件管理--yum工具及源码包
目录 linux 软件管理--yum工具及源码包 一.yum基本概述 二.yum源的配置 三.yum实践案例 四.yum全局配置文件 五.yum签名检查机制 五.制作本地yum仓库 六.构建企业级yu ...
- linux软件管理之------编译安装nginx服务器并手动编写自动化运行脚本
红帽系列的 linux软件管理分为三类:1. rpm 安装软件.2. yum 安装软件.3. 源码包编译安装.前面两种会在相关专题给出详细讲解.源码包的编译安装是非常关键的,我们知道linux的相关版 ...
- awk、grep、sed是linux操作文本的三大利器，也是必须掌握的linux命令之一
awk.grep.sed是linux操作文本的三大利器,也是必须掌握的linux命令之一.三者的功能都是处理文本,但侧重点各不相同,其中属awk功能最强大,但也最复杂.grep更适合单纯的查找或匹配文 ...
- 学习Linux的软件管理、进程管理
一.软件管理 1.使用yum管理软件安装包 1.1什么是yum Yum (全称为:Yellow dog Updater, Modified) 由Duke University团队,修改Yellow D ...
- linux软件管理（六）
[教程主题]:linux软件管理 [1]软件包管理 在系统管理中,软件包的管理是最重要的,是系统管理的基础的基础, 只有我们学会软件包的管理才能谈得上其它的应用. RPM RPM是软件管理程序,提供软 ...
- Linux软件管理器（如何使用软件管理器来管理软件）2---安装及管理Linux应用程序
安装及管理Linux应用程序 Linux应用程序的组成1.普通的可执行程序文件,一般保存在/usr/bin目录中,普通用户即可执行.2.服务器程序.管理程序文件,一般保存在/usr/sbin目录中,需 ...
- Linux软件管理器（如何使用软件管理器来管理软件）
我们的Linux系统大部分都是某个Linux厂商的系统,所以这些厂商可以编译好一些软件来提供用户下载,用户下载完了之后就可以直接安装,从而省去了编译源码及其过程中的各种问题.这时我们就可以使用相应的软 ...
随机推荐
- docker&docker-compose安装
一.docker安装 1.通过 uname -r 命令查看当前的内核版本,Docker 要求 CentOS 系统的内核版本高于 3.10 uname -r 2.查看系统是否安装过docker yum ...
- Ubuntu 20.04 使用deb包安装mysql
Ubuntu 20.04 使用deb包安装mysql 1.环境 WSL2 + Ubuntu 20.04 2.下载mysql的Ubuntu / Debian安装包 MySQL :: Download M ...
- adb命令2
1.获取手机型号指令 adb shell cat /system/build.prop | findstr "ro.product.model" 2.获取手机处理器信息 adb s ...
- C#比较类/接口、Dictionary 排序
作者:l625208058 链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/cd1be6652570 先 F12 看下 List.Sort() 方法 public void Sort(int ...
- python内置函数range()—对象创建函数
range()函数 介绍 range()函数实际上表示一个不可变的数字序列类型,通常用于在for循环中指定特定的次数. range()的格式: range(stop) range(start, sto ...
- k8s容器互联-flannel host-gw原理篇
k8s容器互联-flannel host-gw原理篇 容器系列文章 容器系列视频 简析host-gw 前面分析了flannel vxlan模式进行容器跨主机通信的原理,但是vxlan模式需要对数据包进 ...
- DevOps｜研发效能不是老板工程，是开发者服务
有人说研发效能是老板工程.不是的,研发效能不是老板工程,它不直接服务于老板(虽然老板可能看一些报表),反而是服务于广大产研运(产品+研发+质量+运维)的同学,所以有的公司也把研发效能叫做基础中台,平台 ...
- Go语言：利用 TDD 驱动开发测试 学习结构体、方法和接口
环境安装: (新手向)在Linux中使用VScode编写 "Hello,world"程序,并编写测试-Ubuntu20.4 上一篇相关随笔: Go语言:利用 TDD 测试驱动开发帮 ...
- IconJar - Mac 上的一款多功能图标素材管理工具
IconJar 是一个多功能的图标管理工具,由世界各地的设计师和开发人员使用.在一个应用程序中搜索.组织.预览和检索图标,而不是创建大量的文件夹来存储你的收藏.这款应用针对黑暗模式进行了优化,并支持S ...
- ACM-CodeForces-#685(Div.2)
好久没见过CF有这么水的contest了,蒟蒻赶紧找找自信 A. Subtract or Divide #include<iostream> using namespace std; in ...