linux项目-之系统安装部署-cobbler

http://cobbler.github.io/manuals/2.6.0/1/1_-_Release_Notes.html

http://www.osyunwei.com/archives/7606.html

http://tshare365.com/archives/439.html

Cobbler 是一个免费开源系统安装部署软件，用于自动化网络安装操作系统;基于Python开发，是对 PXE 的二次封装，提供了 CLI 和 Web 的管理形式，也提供了API接口，方便二次开发使用。
它不仅可以安装物理机，同时也支持虚拟化、GuestOS的安装。另外，Cobbler还能结合 Puppet 等集中化管理软件，实现自动化管理。

实验环境：

cobbler服务器：c6.5-minimal系统上安装cobbler相关包

裸机：在a机上安装c6.5,在b机上安装c7.2,

实现目的：

通过配置Cobbler服务器，全自动批量安装部署Linux系统

#http服务需要此端口    80
#tftp服务需要此端口    25251
#cobbler需要此端口    69

cobbler文件与包

安装cobbler
c6与c7的cobbler相关包是不一样的
[root@107-c6 ~]# yum install epel-release
[root@107-c6 ~]# yum install cobbler-web dhcp debmirror pykickstart

Cobbler目录说明：

1、Cobbler配置文件目录：/etc/cobbler

/etc/cobbler/settings   #cobbler主配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template   #DHCP服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/tftpd.template   #tftp服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/rsync.template   #rsync服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/iso   #iso模板配置文件

/etc/cobbler/pxe   #pxe模板文件

/etc/cobbler/power  #电源的配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.conf   #Web服务授权配置文件

/etc/cobbler/users.digest   #用于web访问的用户名密码配置文件

/etc/cobbler/dnsmasq.template   #DNS服务的配置模板

/etc/cobbler/modules.conf   #Cobbler模块配置文件

2、Cobbler数据目录：/var/lib/cobbler

/var/lib/cobbler/config #配置文件

/var/lib/cobbler/triggers  #Cobbler命令

/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts  #默认存放kickstart文件

/var/lib/cobbler/loaders  #存放的各种引导程序

3、系统安装镜像目录：/var/www/cobbler

/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror #导入的系统镜像列表

/var/www/cobbler/images  #导入的系统镜像启动文件

/var/www/cobbler/repo_mirror #yum源存储目录

4、日志目录：/var/log/cobbler

/var/log/cobbler/install.log  #客户端系统安装日志

/var/log/cobbler/cobbler.log  #cobbler日志

第一部分 分步安装配置，即dhcp,tftp,httpd,cobber

yum repolist
yum install epel-release
yum install cobbler dhcp pykickstart
sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
sed -i 's@next_server: 127.0.0.1@next_server: '192.168.10.101'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's@server: 127.0.0.1@server: '192.168.10.101'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost loaders]# sed -n '/default_password/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."
[root@localhost loaders]# sed -i 's@default_password_crypted@#default_password_crypted@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost loaders]# sed -n '/default_password/p' /etc/cobbler/settings
#default_password_crypted: "$1$mF86/UHC$WvcIcX2t6crBz2onWxyac."

openssl passwd -1 -salt '任意字母' '你的密码'
echo "default_password_crypted:  "$1$ac756ac7$erF27Ljjp3rDItLVqHLOg/"" >> /etc/cobbler/settings
cp /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32  /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
systemctl start httpd
systemctl start cobblerd
cobbler sync
cobbler check
systemctl start dhcpd
systemctl start tftp
systemctl start rsyncd
mount -o loop CentOS-6.5-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /mnt/
cobbler import --name=cs65 --path=/mnt
cobbler profile edit --name=cs65-x86_64 --distro=cs65-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/wo.cfg

第二部分 脚本安装

1.创建tshare365.sh脚本

#!/bin/sh
#coding=utf8
#Author tshare365.com
##################################################################
#将如下IP修改成你cobbler服务器的IP地址
ip=192.168.10.195
#将如下net修改成你Cobbler所在网段的NET
net=192.168.10.0
#修改成dhcp计划分配的IP段
begin=192.168.10.14
end=192.168.10.34
echo "$ip    www.tshare365.com" >> /etc/hosts
yum install cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart dhcp debmirror syslinux cman fence-agents  vim -y
/etc/init.d/iptables stop
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/cobblerd start
service cobblerd restart
sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
sed -i -e 's/= yes/= no/g' /etc/xinetd.d/rsync
sed -i 's@next_server: 127.0.0.1@next_server: '$ip'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
sed -i 's@server: 127.0.0.1@server: '$ip'@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
cp  /usr/share/syslinux/meminfo.c32  /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/
sed -i 's$@arches="i386"$#@arches="i386"$g' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed  -i 's$@dists="sid"$#@dists="sid"$g' /etc/debmirror.conf
sed -i 's@default_password_crypted@#default_password_crypted@g' /etc/cobbler/settings
echo "default_password_crypted:  "$1$ac756ac7$erF27Ljjp3rDItLVqHLOg/"" >> /etc/cobbler/settings
service cobblerd restart
cobbler sync
cobbler check
#dhcp
cat > /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf <<EOF
option domain-name "tshare365.com";
option domain-name-servers $ip;
default-lease-time 43200;
max-lease-time 86400;
log-facility local7;
subnet $net netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     range $begin $end;
     option routers $ip;
}
next-server $ip;
filename="pxelinux.0";
EOF
/etc/init.d/dhcpd restart
service xinetd  restart
mkdir /opt/tshare365
mount /dev/cdrom /opt/tshare365
cobbler import --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --path=/opt/tshare365
cobbler profile add --name=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --distro=centos-6.5-x86_64-tshare365 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/tshare365.cfg

2.创建tshare365.cfg文件

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Upgrade existing installation
upgrade
# Use network installation
#修改成自己的IP
url --url="http://192.168.10.195/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos-6.5-tshare365/"
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$CgIgFiPo$rqNvZR480Z5A2dnbxdd7C0
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
firewall --disabled
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone  Africa/Abidjan
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
clearpart --all --drives=sda --initlabel
part /boot --fstype ext3 --size=100 --ondisk=sda
part swap --size=4096
part / --fstype ext3 --size=100 --grow --asprimary
%packages
@core
@server-policy
@workstation-policy
%end

将tshare365.cfg放到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/目录下然后执行 sh tshare.sh
切记 一定要挂载光盘并关闭selinux
安装成功之后默认登录密码是redhat

遇到一个问题是menu.c32 is not a COM32B image.解决办法是

1.cp /usr/share/syslinux/vesamenu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/

2.修改cobbler服务器/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default文件，将DEFAULT menu行改为DEFAULT vesamenu就可以了

曾经在Dell R720服务器安装Centos 6.5 的过程中出现过如下问题

解决办法是修改cobbler服务器/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default  文件

在vmlinuz 后面加入 biosdevname=0，如图

重新安装系统：

在需要重装系统的服务器上安装koan

wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm  #CentOS 5.X

rpm -ivh koan-2.4.0-1.el5.noarch.rpm  #安装koan

http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/koan-2.4.0-1.el6.noarch.rpm  #CentOS 6.X

yum  install  cobbler  debmirror  pykickstart  python-ctypes  cman   #安装koan运行依赖包（需要设置epel源）

koan --list=profiles  --server=192.168.21.128  #查看Cobbler服务器系统镜像列表

koan --replace-self --server=192.168.21.128 --profile=CentOS-5.10-x86_64  #选择要重装的系统

reboot #重新启动系统进行自动安装