一，DRF 解析器

根据请求头 content-type 选择对应的解析器就请求体内容进行处理。

1. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/json的请求体

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views.s5_parser import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser

class TestView(APIView):

    parser_classes = [JSONParser, ]

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

2. 仅处理请求头content-type为application/x-www-form-urlencoded 的请求体

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.parsers import FormParser

class TestView(APIView):

    parser_classes = [FormParser, ]

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

3. 仅处理请求头content-type为multipart/form-data的请求体

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.parsers import MultiPartParser

class TestView(APIView):

    parser_classes = [MultiPartParser, ]

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    <input type="text" name="user" />

    <input type="file" name="img">

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

upload.html

4. 仅上传文件

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/(?P<filename>[^/]+)', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.parsers import FileUploadParser

class TestView(APIView):

    parser_classes = [FileUploadParser, ]

    def post(self, request, filename, *args, **kwargs):

        print(filename)

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/f1.numbers" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">

    <input type="text" name="user" />

    <input type="file" name="img">

    <input type="submit" value="提交">

</form>

</body>

</html>

upload.html

5. 同时多个Parser

当同时使用多个parser时，rest framework会根据请求头content-type自动进行比对，并使用对应parser

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework.request import Request

from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser

class TestView(APIView):

    parser_classes = [JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser, ]

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

6. 全局使用

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES':[

        'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser'

        'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser'

        'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'

    ]

}

settings.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import TestView

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'test/', TestView.as_view(), name='test'),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

class TestView(APIView):

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        print(request.content_type)

        # 获取请求的值，并使用对应的JSONParser进行处理

        print(request.data)

        # application/x-www-form-urlencoded 或 multipart/form-data时，request.POST中才有值

        print(request.POST)

        print(request.FILES)

        return Response('POST请求，响应内容')

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        return Response('PUT请求，响应内容')

views.py

注意: 个别特殊的值可以通过Django的request对象request._request来进行获取

二，DRF 渲染器

根据用户请求URL 或用户可接受的类型，筛选出合适的渲染组件。
用户请求URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json

用户请求头：

Accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8

1. json

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.json
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import s11_render

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

    url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True)

        return Response(ser.data)

views.py

2. 表格

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.admin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [AdminRenderer, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all()

        ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=True)

        return Response(ser.data)

views.py

3. Form表单

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.form
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

from rest_framework.renderers import AdminRenderer

from rest_framework.renderers import HTMLFormRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [HTMLFormRenderer, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()

        ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False)

        return Response(ser.data)

views.py

4. 自定义显示模板

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

from django.conf.urls import url, include

from web.views import s11_render

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^test/$', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

    url(r'^test\.(?P<format>[a-z0-9]+)', s11_render.TestView.as_view()),

]

urls.py

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from rest_framework.renderers import TemplateHTMLRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [TemplateHTMLRenderer, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()

        ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False)

        return Response(ser.data, template_name='user_detail.html')

views.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

    {{ user }}

    {{ pwd }}

    {{ ut }}

</body>

</html>

userdetail.html

5. 浏览器格式API+JSON

访问URL：

http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/?format=api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test.api
http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/

from rest_framework.views import APIView

from rest_framework.response import Response

from rest_framework import serializers

from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer

from rest_framework.renderers import BrowsableAPIRenderer

from .. import models

class TestSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model = models.UserInfo

        fields = "__all__"

class CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer(BrowsableAPIRenderer):

    def get_default_renderer(self, view):

        return JSONRenderer()

class TestView(APIView):

    renderer_classes = [CustomBrowsableAPIRenderer, ]

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

        user_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().first()

        ser = TestSerializer(instance=user_list, many=False)

        return Response(ser.data, template_name='user_detail.html')

views.py

注意：如果同时多个存在时，自动根据URL后缀来选择渲染器。

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DRF 解析器和渲染器

一，DRF 解析器

二，DRF 渲染器

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