关于SQL Server 数据库归档的一些思考和改进

一.需求背景

SQL Server开源的归档工具不多，DBA一般都是通过计划任务来触发执行，执行的脚本多是SP或者是SSIS包。SSIS包的性能稍好一些，但是维护更新成本高些。所以更常见的是通过SP脚本来实现归档操作。

当数据库规模较小时，可以方便的直接在数据库上进行脚本的编写部署。但是随着数据库越来越多，管理维护成本就会越来越大，越来越不方便。现在我们实行的方式是通过中央管理器来管理众多的数据库备份（这是在拥有专门的备份程序前的一个过渡方案）。我们将归档基础配置信息、归档运行历史记录、异常报错等数据统一维护在中央数据库上。如此,可以方便统一的查看、管理和维护。

二.主要架构

三.主要关联表

2.1 归档基础配置表

表字段含义，请耐心查看字段说明。

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig](
    [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [IP] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [DBName] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [DataTable] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [TargetIP] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [TargetDB] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [TargetTable] [varchar](50) NULL,
    [Prerequisite] [varchar](300) NULL,
    [DelMaxQTY] [int] NULL,
    [IsCheckOrderID] [int] NULL,
    [SP_Name] [int] NULL,
    [StartTime] [datetime] NULL,
    [EndTime] [datetime] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'Server IP(数据位于中央管理器中，所以归档数据库库所在的IP要维护，可维修虚拟的IP)' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IP'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DBName'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'要归档的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DataTable'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的IP' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetIP'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的数据库' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetDB'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'备份指向的表' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'TargetTable'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'归档条件' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'Prerequisite'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'循环中一次归档删除的数据量' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'DelMaxQTY'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为 备用字段，考虑可能有些表，会和其他表关联' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'IsCheckOrderID'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'为提高并发度，一个DB对应的归档SP可能是多个，通过此列，进行分组。' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'SP_Name'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'StartTime'
GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N'MS_Description', @value=N'此为拓展字段，原计划根据 开始时间、结束时间，每天可以多个时间段内执行' , @level0type=N'SCHEMA',@level0name=N'dbo', @level1type=N'TABLE',@level1name=N'DBData_ArchiveConfig', @level2type=N'COLUMN',@level2name=N'EndTime'
GO

2.2 归档运行的Log表

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveLog](
    [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [IP] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [DBName] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
    [BakQTY] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [BakStartDate] [datetime] NULL,
    [BakEndDate] [datetime] NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]

GO

2.3 异常错误信息表

执行的过程中会外包一层 try...catch,将操作过程中的错误信息保存在表 DBData_ArchiveErrLog。表结构如下：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[DBData_ArchiveErrLog](
    [ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [IP] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [DBName] [varchar](60) NULL,
    [DataTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
    [TargetIP] [varchar](30) NULL,
    [TargetDB] [varchar](60) NULL,
    [TargetTable] [varchar](80) NULL,
    [Errormsg] [nvarchar](max) NULL,
    [TransDateTime] [varchar](30) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

GO

四. 存储过程相应的主要代码

SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO

-- =============================================
-- Author:        <Author,,Name>
-- Create date: <Create Date,,>
-- Description:    <Description,,>
-- =============================================
CREATE PROCEDURE [dbo].[SP_XXXXX_DataArchive]
AS
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE @sql1 VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @sql2 VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @IP VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @DBName VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @DataTable VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @TargetIP VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @TargetDB VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @TargetTable VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @Prerequisite VARCHAR(MAX)
    DECLARE @DelMaxQTY INT
    DECLARE @StartTime DATETIME
    DECLARE @EndTime DATETIME
    DECLARE @qty INT
    DECLARE @ISCHECKORDERID INT
----Carson   2018-12-17 备份数据的时间往往比删除的时间长3倍,因此,如果考虑将备份的操作转移到辅助库,将会对线上的操作影响降至更低
    DECLARE @BakDateIP VARCHAR(30)
    set @BakDateIP='[XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX].'-------后面一定要有一个点
--------------------------------------------------归档操作---------------------------------
    DECLARE DBName CURSOR
    FOR
        SELECT  IP ,
                DBName ,
                DataTable ,
                TargetIP ,
                TargetDB ,
                TargetTable ,
                Prerequisite ,
                DelMaxQTY ,
                ISCHECKORDERID ,
                StartTime ,
                EndTime
        FROM    [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig]
        WHERE   DataTable <> ''
                AND TargetTable <> ''
                AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX' and SP_Name='?????'
    OPEN DBName
    FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB,
        @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY, @ISCHECKORDERID,
        @StartTime, @EndTime
    WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 )
    BEGIN
        DECLARE @datetime DATETIME
        IF @ISCHECKORDERID <> ''  AND @DataTable <> ''
        BEGIN
            SET @datetime = CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE() - 30, 120)
            SET @sql = 'Insert into [' + @TargetIP + '].'
                + @TargetDB + '.' + 'dbo.' + @TargetTable + '
                 select * FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
                 with(nolock) where ' + @Prerequisite + ''

            SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER
                        SELECT @icount = COUNT(1)
                        FROM ' + @BakDateIP + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
                        where ' + @Prerequisite + '
                        insert into [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].dbo.DBData_ArchiveLog (IP, DBName, DataTable, BakQTY, BakStartDate, BakEndDate)
                        select ''' + @IP + ''',''' + @DBName + ''',''' + @DataTable
                                    + ''',@icount,getdate(),null

                        WHILE @icount > 0
                        BEGIN  

                            DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')
                            FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
                            where ' + @Prerequisite + '

                            SET @icount = @icount -('
                                    + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')
                            WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01''
                        END  '
          BEGIN TRY
            EXEC (@sql)
            EXEC (@sql1)
          END TRY
          BEGIN CATCH
             DECLARE @Errmsg AS nvarchar(MAX)
             SELECT @Errmsg=ERROR_MESSAGE()
               ------0001 BEGIN SAVE ERR LOG IN TABLE
               INSERT INTO [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].DBData_ArchiveErrLog  ([IP] ,[DBName],[DataTable],[TargetIP],[TargetDB],[TargetTable],[Errormsg] ,[TransDateTime])
               VALUES(@IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP, @TargetDB, @TargetTable,@Errmsg,convert(VARCHAR(25),GETDATE(), 120))
               ------0001 END
                -------------0002 BEGIN SEND EMAIL MESSAGE----------------
                    DECLARE @Subject AS nvarchar(200)
                    DECLARE @Body AS nvarchar(MAX)
                    DECLARE @SPName AS nvarchar(MAX)

                    SET @Subject = '数据库归档异常 -重要!;ServerIP:' + @IP + ' DB:' + @DBName
                                SET @SPName = ''
                                SET @Body = '<html><body>Dear All,<br> <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ServerIP:' +@IP + ' ; DataBase:' + @DBName+ '上的Table归档异常,请及时检查!!!
                               <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You can get detail information from the table. <br><br><table border=1 bgcolor=#aaff11>'
                                SET @Body = @Body+ '<tr bgcolor=#ff3311><td>ServerIP</td><td>DBName</td><td>TableName</td><td>TargetIP</td><td>TargetDB</td><td>Errmsg</td><td>TransDateTime</td></tr>'
                                SELECT  @SPName = @SPName + '<tr bgcolor=#ffaa11><td>'+ CAST(@IP AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>' + CAST(@DBName AS NVARCHAR(50)) + '</td><td>'+CAST(@DataTable AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td>
                                <td>'+ CAST(@TargetIP AS NVARCHAR(20))+ '</td><td>'+ CAST(@TargetDB AS NVARCHAR(50))+ '</td><td>'+ SUBSTRING(@Errmsg,1, 100)+ '</td><td>'+ CONVERT(varchar(100), GETDATE(), 21)+ '</td></tr>'
                                SET @Body = @Body + @SPName + '</table>'

                    SET @BODY=REPLACE(@BODY,'''','')

                    IF REPLACE(@BODY,' ','')<>''
                        BEGIN
                            DECLARE @AllEmailToAddress varchar(3000)=''
                            DECLARE @AllEmailCcAddress varchar(3000)=''
                            DECLARE @Allprofile_name varchar(100)=''
                            SELECT @AllEmailToAddress=''
                            SELECT @AllEmailCcAddress=''
                            SELECT TOP 1 @Allprofile_name=NAME FROM msdb.dbo.sysmail_profile
                            ORDER BY profile_id

                            EXEC msdb..sp_send_dbmail @profile_name = @Allprofile_name   -- profile 名称
                             ,@recipients   =  @AllEmailToAddress        -- 收件人邮箱
                             ,@copy_recipients=@AllEmailCcAddress
                             ,@subject      =  @Subject                  -- 邮件标题
                             ,@body         =  @BODY                     -- 邮件内容
                             ,@body_format  =  'HTML'                    -- 邮件格式
                             ,@file_attachments=''
                             ,@Importance = 'High'
                        END
                      -------------    0002 end ------------
             END CATCH
            END

                FETCH NEXT FROM DBName INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable, @TargetIP,
                    @TargetDB, @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY,
                    @ISCHECKORDERID, @StartTime, @EndTime
        END

    CLOSE DBName
    DEALLOCATE DBName

    DECLARE DELETETABLE CURSOR
    FOR
        SELECT  IP ,
                DBName ,
                DataTable ,
                TargetTable ,
                Prerequisite ,
                DelMaxQTY
        FROM    [中央管理器].[中央管理数据库].[dbo].[DBData_ArchiveConfig]
        WHERE   DataTable <> ''
                AND TargetTable = ''
                AND DBNAME = 'XXXXXXXXX'  and SP_Name='????'
    OPEN DELETETABLE
    FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable,
        @TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY
    WHILE ( @@fetch_status = 0 )
        BEGIN
          SET @sql1 = 'DECLARE @icount INTEGER
                                    SELECT @icount = COUNT(1)
                                    FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
                                    where ' + @Prerequisite + '
                                    WHILE @icount > 0
                                    BEGIN  

                                        DELETE TOP (' + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')
                                        FROM ' + @DBName + '.' + 'dbo.' + @DataTable + '
                                        where ' + @Prerequisite + '

                                        SET @icount = @icount -('
                                                + CAST(@DelMaxQTY AS VARCHAR(10)) + ')
                                        WAITFOR DELAY ''00:00:01''
                                    END  '
                        PRINT @sql1
                        EXEC (@sql1)
            FETCH NEXT FROM DELETETABLE INTO @IP, @DBName, @DataTable,@TargetTable, @Prerequisite, @DelMaxQTY
        END
    CLOSE DELETETABLE
    DEALLOCATE DELETETABLE

GO

五.补充数据

1.数据库归档，一般都是先将当前库的历史数据归档到历史库，再将当前库的历史数据删除。这两个阶段，一般是前者耗时较多（一般都在2:1以上），虽然可以在select 过程加上nolock，但是或者I/O或者网络等原因，其实这个阶段对应用程序的影响还是比较大的。所以，建议将这两个阶段物理分开，即如果有配置AlwaysOn，请将第一个阶段在辅助数据库中执行。上面的SP示例，就是通过参数 @BakDateIP 来实现了这一作用。

2.存储过程中包含了try...catch，所以运行此sp就会很少报错，某一个表的异常不会相互影响。例如，我们常见的当前库、历史库由于表结构变更而导致的不一致，此情况出现后，try..catch可以捕捉到异常，将异常记录在档，并将此信息以邮件的形式发送给指定人，但整个SP不会执行失败。并且还会跳过这一个异常，继续执行下一个备份归档表的归档。

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