ORACLE安装（12c-Redhat6.5）

Oracle安装（12c-Redhat6.5）

Redhat6.5系统准备

/	10G
SWAP	4G
/boot	200M
/HOME	4G
/usr	8G
/var	4G
/u01

Preinstallation Tasks

Logging In to the System as root

Checking the Hardware Requirements

Checking the Software Requirements

Checking the Network Setup

Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

Configuring Kernel Parameters

Identifying Required Software Directories

Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory

Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files

Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files

Preparing Disk Groups for an Automatic Storage Management Installation

Configuring Raw Partitions or Raw Logical Volumes

Stopping Existing Oracle Processes

Configuring the oracle User's Environment

 

一：Linux挂载:VMware tools for Linux安装

# mkdir /mnt/cdrom

# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/

# cp VMwareTools-9.0.0-782409.tar.gz /opt/

# tar -zxvpf VMwareTools-9.0.0-782409.tar.gz

#  cd vmware-tools-distrib

# ./vmware-install.pl

#  /etc/init.d/vmware-tools status  #查看是否有在執行

二、设置ip地址：Linux网络配置:设置IP地址、网关DNS、主机名

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ethN 文件

/etc/hosts文件

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=static

IPADDR=192.168.0.66

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.0.65

配置OK后使用service network restart重启网络服务

三、设置防火墙

设置 vim /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

关闭防火墙

chkconfig ip6tables off

chkconfig iptables off

service iptables stop

service ip6tables stop

查看防火墻狀態:service iptables status

啟動防火墻：service iptables start

禁用防火墻：service iptables stop

四、建立oracle账户和群组

建立dba群组：groupadd dba

创建oracle用户并授权到dba群组：useradd -g dba oracle

设定oracle用户密码：passwd oracle

五、创建oracle工作目录

Oracle基础目录：mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

Oracle软件存放目录：mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product

Oracle库存目录：mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

Oracle数据库文件目录：mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata

六、授权Oracle工作目录

chown -R oracle.dba /u01

七、Yum源配置，安装Packages

挂载Redhat5.8ISO文件

mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom

注：虚拟机－〉setting->cd/dvd－〉device status-.connected前面的勾打上

备份Yum的配置文件

1. #cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

2. #cp rhel-debuginfo.repo rhel-debuginfo.repo.bak

配置文件进行编辑

vi rhel-debuginfo.repo	[rhel-debuginfo] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever – $basearch – Debug baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///mnt//cdrom/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GRG-KEY-redhat-release
vim rhel-source.repo	[oel6] name=oel6 baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom enabled=1 gpgcheck=0

验证可以安装的组件

#yum grouplist

安装组件

#yum groupinstall “KDE (K Desktop Environment)”

# yum -y install glibc-devel-2.5*

Packages：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0:

binutils-2.15.92.0.2-10.EL4

compat-db-4.1.25-9

control-center-2.8.0-12

gcc-3.4.3-9.EL4

gcc-c++-3.4.3-9.EL4

glibc-2.3.4-2

glibc-common-2.3.4-2

gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1

libstdc++-3.4.3-9.EL4

libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-9.EL4

make-3.80-5

pdksh-5.2.14-30

sysstat-5.0.5-1

xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2

八、Configuring Kernel Parameters

kernel parameter settings /etc/sysctl.conf /sbin/sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65000 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default =262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

Setting Shell Limits for the oracle User

1、Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file: oracle              soft    nproc   2047 oracle              hard    nproc   16384 oracle              soft    nofile 1024 oracle              hard    nofile 65536 2、Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist: session    required     pam_limits.so 3、Depending on the oracle user's default shell, make the following changes to the default shell start-up file: For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to the /etc/profile file (or the /etc/profile.local file on SUSE systems): if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi For the C shell (csh or tcsh), add the following lines to the /etc/csh.login file (or the file on SUSE systems)/etc/csh.login.local: if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then limit maxproc 16384 limit descriptors 65536 endif

Configuring the oracle User's Environment

/home/oracle/.bash_profile Source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

#Enter commands similar to the following to set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables: TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR #Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables: ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE .0/dbhome_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=ora01; export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_UNQNAME=ora01; export ORACLE_UNQNAME PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/X11R6/lib64; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8; export NLS_LANG umask 022 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

九、解压缩安装文档：Linux压缩解压缩（unzip，tar）

 

十、安装ORACLE软件

以root账户权限运行

/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

十一、安装数据

十二：安装LISTENER

Oracle 监听器启动与关闭

启动:lsnrctl start

关闭:lsnrctl stop

使用srvctl 命令

Oracle环境变量、监听listener.ora、tnsnames.ora、sqlnet.ora配置

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora配置

在这个目录下有个listener.ora文件，内容如下：

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = ora01))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.111)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

)

)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

十三：连接oracle

PLSQL Developer在未安装Oracle Client情况下连接Oracle

若遇到如上错误，下载instantclient_12.2

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora配置

安装完Oracle Client以后，发现相应目录中没有tnsnames.ora文件，其实只要手动建立一个就可以了。

在 oracle安装位置product11.2.0client_1networkadmin 目录下，建立一个tnsnames.ora，内容如下

ora01=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(host = 192.168.0.111)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SID=ora01)

)

)

D:\PLSQL\instantclient_11_2\tnsnames.ora

sqlplus常用命令

在sqlplus中调用本机操作系统命令，只需要在相关命令前加上HOST指令即可。

设置每行显示的记录长度	SET LINESIZE 300；
设置每页显示的记录长度	SET PAGESIZE 30；
调用本机记事本程序	使用ed命令
用户连接数据库	CONN 用户名/密码 [AS SYSDBA]
取得当前用户的全部数据对象	SELECT * FROM tab
查看表结构	DESC 表名称
使用本机的操作系统命令	HOST 命令
查看当前连接用户	SHOW USER命令
查看现在的容器名称	show con_name; CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT
改变容器为PDB	ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=ora01pdb01 ALTER DATABASE ora01pdb01 OPEN; ALTER PLUGGABLEDATABASE ORA01PDB01 OPEN;
查看用户	SELECT username FROM dba_users WHERE username='SCOOT' OR username='SH';