https://blog.csdn.net/cs_zhanyb/article/details/16973379

2013年11月26日 22:20:09 binggo 阅读数:14066
 

最近开始研读Nginx的源代码,首先就遇到如下的代码:

  1.  
    typedef intptr_t ngx_int_t;
  2.  
    typedef uintptr_t ngx_uint_t;

intptr_t和uintptr_t是什么类型?以前没见过,于是查了一下。

这两个数据类型是ISO C99定义的,具体代码在linux平台的/usr/include/stdint.h头文件中。

该头文件中定义intptr_t和uintptr_t这两个数据类型的代码片段如下:

  1.  
    /* Types for `void *' pointers. */
  2.  
    #if __WORDSIZE == 64
  3.  
    # ifndef __intptr_t_defined
  4.  
    typedef long int intptr_t;
  5.  
    # define __intptr_t_defined
  6.  
    # endif
  7.  
    typedef unsigned long int uintptr_t;
  8.  
    #else
  9.  
    # ifndef __intptr_t_defined
  10.  
    typedef int intptr_t;
  11.  
    # define __intptr_t_defined
  12.  
    # endif
  13.  
    typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
  14.  
    #endif

在64位的机器上,intptr_t和uintptr_t分别是long int、unsigned long int的别名;在32位的机器上,intptr_t和uintptr_t分别是int、unsigned int的别名。

那么为什么要用typedef定义新的别名呢?我想主要是为了提高程序的可移植性(在32位和64位的机器上)。很明显,上述代码会根据宿主机器的位数为intptr_t和uintptr_t适配相应的数据类型。

另外,如注释所言,定义这两个数据类型别名也是为了“void *”指针。

在C语言中,任何类型的指针都可以转换为void *类型,并且在将它转换回原来的类型时不会丢失信息。

[root@d ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-123.9.3.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 6 15:06:03 UTC 2014
[root@d ~]# cat /usr/include/stdint.h
/* Copyright (C) 1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library. The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ /*
* ISO C99: 7.18 Integer types <stdint.h>
*/ #ifndef _STDINT_H
#define _STDINT_H 1 #include <features.h>
#include <bits/wchar.h>
#include <bits/wordsize.h> /* Exact integral types. */ /* Signed. */ /* There is some amount of overlap with <sys/types.h> as known by inet code */
#ifndef __int8_t_defined
# define __int8_t_defined
typedef signed char int8_t;
typedef short int int16_t;
typedef int int32_t;
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int64_t;
# else
__extension__
typedef long long int int64_t;
# endif
#endif /* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint16_t;
#ifndef __uint32_t_defined
typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
# define __uint32_t_defined
#endif
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint64_t;
#endif /* Small types. */ /* Signed. */
typedef signed char int_least8_t;
typedef short int int_least16_t;
typedef int int_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int int_least64_t;
#endif /* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint_least8_t;
typedef unsigned short int uint_least16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_least32_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint_least64_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_least64_t;
#endif /* Fast types. */ /* Signed. */
typedef signed char int_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int int_fast16_t;
typedef long int int_fast32_t;
typedef long int int_fast64_t;
#else
typedef int int_fast16_t;
typedef int int_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef long long int int_fast64_t;
#endif /* Unsigned. */
typedef unsigned char uint_fast8_t;
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast32_t;
typedef unsigned long int uint_fast64_t;
#else
typedef unsigned int uint_fast16_t;
typedef unsigned int uint_fast32_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uint_fast64_t;
#endif /* Types for `void *' pointers. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef long int intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned long int uintptr_t;
#else
# ifndef __intptr_t_defined
typedef int intptr_t;
# define __intptr_t_defined
# endif
typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
#endif /* Largest integral types. */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
typedef long int intmax_t;
typedef unsigned long int uintmax_t;
#else
__extension__
typedef long long int intmax_t;
__extension__
typedef unsigned long long int uintmax_t;
#endif # if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## L
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define __INT64_C(c) c ## LL
# define __UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif /* Limits of integral types. */ /* Minimum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MIN (-128)
# define INT16_MIN (-32767-1)
# define INT32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types. */
# define INT8_MAX (127)
# define INT16_MAX (32767)
# define INT32_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)) /* Maximum of unsigned integral types. */
# define UINT8_MAX (255)
# define UINT16_MAX (65535)
# define UINT32_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615)) /* Minimum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MIN (-128)
# define INT_LEAST16_MIN (-32767-1)
# define INT_LEAST32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_LEAST64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_LEAST8_MAX (127)
# define INT_LEAST16_MAX (32767)
# define INT_LEAST32_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT_LEAST64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)) /* Maximum of unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_LEAST8_MAX (255)
# define UINT_LEAST16_MAX (65535)
# define UINT_LEAST32_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT_LEAST64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615)) /* Minimum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MIN (-128)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INT_FAST32_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum of fast signed integral types having a minimum size. */
# define INT_FAST8_MAX (127)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT_FAST16_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define INT_FAST16_MAX (2147483647)
# define INT_FAST32_MAX (2147483647)
# endif
# define INT_FAST64_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)) /* Maximum of fast unsigned integral types having a minimum size. */
# define UINT_FAST8_MAX (255)
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define UINT_FAST16_MAX (4294967295U)
# define UINT_FAST32_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif
# define UINT_FAST64_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615)) /* Values to test for integral types holding `void *' pointer. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTPTR_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# define UINTPTR_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# define INTPTR_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define INTPTR_MAX (2147483647)
# define UINTPTR_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif /* Minimum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MIN (-__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)-1)
/* Maximum for largest signed integral type. */
# define INTMAX_MAX (__INT64_C(9223372036854775807)) /* Maximum for largest unsigned integral type. */
# define UINTMAX_MAX (__UINT64_C(18446744073709551615)) /* Limits of other integer types. */ /* Limits of `ptrdiff_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define PTRDIFF_MIN (-9223372036854775807L-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX (9223372036854775807L)
# else
# define PTRDIFF_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define PTRDIFF_MAX (2147483647)
# endif /* Limits of `sig_atomic_t'. */
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN (-2147483647-1)
# define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX (2147483647) /* Limit of `size_t' type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define SIZE_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# else
# ifdef __WORDSIZE32_SIZE_ULONG
# define SIZE_MAX (4294967295UL)
# else
# define SIZE_MAX (4294967295U)
# endif
# endif /* Limits of `wchar_t'. */
# ifndef WCHAR_MIN
/* These constants might also be defined in <wchar.h>. */
# define WCHAR_MIN __WCHAR_MIN
# define WCHAR_MAX __WCHAR_MAX
# endif /* Limits of `wint_t'. */
# define WINT_MIN (0u)
# define WINT_MAX (4294967295u) /* Signed. */
# define INT8_C(c) c
# define INT16_C(c) c
# define INT32_C(c) c
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INT64_C(c) c ## L
# else
# define INT64_C(c) c ## LL
# endif /* Unsigned. */
# define UINT8_C(c) c
# define UINT16_C(c) c
# define UINT32_C(c) c ## U
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define UINT64_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define UINT64_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif /* Maximal type. */
# if __WORDSIZE == 64
# define INTMAX_C(c) c ## L
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## UL
# else
# define INTMAX_C(c) c ## LL
# define UINTMAX_C(c) c ## ULL
# endif #endif /* stdint.h */
[root@d ~]#

  

[root@d ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-123.9.3.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Thu Nov 6 15:06:03 UTC 2014
[root@d ~]# cat /usr/include/stdint.h | grep -i UINTPTR
typedef unsigned long int uintptr_t;
typedef unsigned int uintptr_t;
# define UINTPTR_MAX (18446744073709551615UL)
# define UINTPTR_MAX (4294967295U)
[root@d ~]#

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