Centos7之WEB服务器

1、安装httpd服务

　　输入命令：yum -y install httpd

 [root@N37012 ~]# yum -y install httpc
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 No package httpc available.
 Error: Nothing to do
 [root@N37012 ~]# yum -y install httpd
 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 Resolving Dependencies
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
 --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: /etc/mime.types for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
 --> Running transaction check
 ---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7_4. will be installed
 ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
 ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
 ---> Package mailcap.noarch :2.1.-.el7 will be installed
 --> Finished Dependency Resolution

 Dependencies Resolved

 ========================================================================================================================================================
  Package                             Arch                           Version                                       Repository                       Size
 ========================================================================================================================================================
 Installing:
  httpd                               x86_64                         2.4.-.el7.centos                           updates                         2.7 M
 Installing for dependencies:
  apr                                 x86_64                         1.4.-.el7_4.                               os                               k
  apr-util                            x86_64                         1.5.-.el7                                   os                                k
  httpd-tools                         x86_64                         2.4.-.el7.centos                           updates                           k
  mailcap                             noarch                         2.1.-.el7                                  os                                k

 Transaction Summary
 ========================================================================================================================================================
 Install   Package (+ Dependent packages)

 Total download size: 3.0 M
 Installed size:  M
 Downloading packages:
 (/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm                                                                                |   kB  ::
 (/): apr-1.4.-.el7_4..x86_64.rpm                                                                                            |  kB  ::
 (/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                           |   kB  ::
 (/): mailcap-2.1.-.el7.noarch.rpm                                                                                           |   kB  ::
 (/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm                                                                                      | 2.7 MB  ::
 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Total                                                                                                                   3.0 MB/s | 3.0 MB  ::
 Running transaction check
 Running transaction test
 Transaction test succeeded
 Running transaction
   Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7_4..x86_64                                                                                                           /
   Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          /
   Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                               /
   Installing : mailcap-2.1.-.el7.noarch                                                                                                          /
   Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                     /
   Verifying  : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                               /
   Verifying  : mailcap-2.1.-.el7.noarch                                                                                                          /
   Verifying  : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                     /
   Verifying  : apr-1.4.-.el7_4..x86_64                                                                                                           /
   Verifying  : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          / 

 Installed:
   httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos                                                                                                                    

 Dependency Installed:
   apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7_4.      apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7      httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos      mailcap.noarch :2.1.-.el7     

 Complete!
 [root@N37012 ~]# 

2、配置

Apache 主要的配置文件是 /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 。 它包含许多在基本安装中不需要更改的配置。 实际上，只需对此文件进行一些更改即可启动并运行一个简单的网站。

3、监听端口

第一个要修改的是 Listen 配置项，它定义了 Apache 要监听页面请求的 IP 地址和端口。 现在，你只需要使这个网站可以从本地访问，所以使用 localhost 地址。 完成后，该行应该看起来像这样（位置大概在42行）

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80
Listen 127.0.0.1:80

通过将此配置项设置为 localhost 的 IP 地址，Apache 将只侦听来自本地主机的连接。 如果您希望 Web 服务器侦听来自远程主机的连接，则可以使用主机的外部 IP 地址。

4、网页页面html文件位置

DocumentRoot 配置项指定组成网站页面的 HTML 文件的位置。 该配置项不需要更改，因为它已经指向标准位置。 该行应该看起来像这样（位置大概在119行）

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

如果想更改存储网站文件的位置，可修改此配置项完成。例如改成/var/myhtml/html

DocumentRoot "/var/myhtml/html"

5、防火墙设置

　　查看防火墙状态

 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Active: inactive (dead)
      Docs: man:firewalld()
 [root@N37012 ~]#

　　启动防火墙

 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service
 [root@N37012 ~]# systemctl status firewalld
 ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
    Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 1s ago
      Docs: man:firewalld()
  Main PID:  (firewalld)
    CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
            └─ /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

 May  :: N37012 systemd[]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
 May  :: N37012 systemd[]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
 [root@N37012 ~]# 

　　开放TCP的80端口，并重载防火墙

 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=/tcp --permanent
 success
 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
 success
 [root@N37012 ~]# 

　　查看防火墙开放端口

 [root@N37012 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports
 /tcp
 [root@N37012 ~]# 

6、创建index.html文件

　　index.html文件是使用域名访问网站而不是访问特点网页时的默认文件。在/var/www/html中。

　　创建index.html文件并输入文字hello word~

　　输入命令：chown apache index.html

7、查看Apache状态，如未启动。则启动

 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl status httpd
 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    Active: inactive (dead)
      Docs: man:httpd()
            man:apachectl()
 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl start httpd
 [root@N37012 html]# systemctl status httpd
 ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server
    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    Active: active (running) since Sun -- :: CST; 4s ago
      Docs: man:httpd()
            man:apachectl()
  Main PID:  (httpd)
    Status: "Processing requests..."
    CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service
            ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
            ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
            ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
            ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
            ├─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND
            └─ /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND

 May  :: N37012 systemd[]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server...
 May  :: N37012 httpd[]: AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 172.30.0.3....s message
 May  :: N37012 systemd[]: Started The Apache HTTP Server.
 Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
 [root@N37012 html]# 

8、访问web服务器

在Chrome或IE浏览器地址栏中输入Apache地址。即可访问到本机