C，线程池

/*
线程池组成：
    1、管理者线程：创建并管理线程，包括添加、删除、销毁线程，添加新任务
    2、工作线程：线程池中的线程，执行管理者分配的任务
    3、任务接口：任务要实现的接口，供工作线程调用
    4、任务队列：存放没有处理的任务，缓冲作用
*/

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "threadpool.h"

#define DEFAULT_TIME 10                 /*10s检测一次*/
#define MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 10            /*如果queue_size > MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM 添加新的线程到线程池*/
#define DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY 10          /*每次创建和销毁线程的个数*/
#define true 1
#define false 0

//任务接口
typedef struct {
    void *(*function)(void *);          /* 函数指针，回调函数 */
    void *arg;                          /* 上面函数的参数 */
} threadpool_task_t;                    /* 各子线程任务结构体 */

/* 描述线程池相关信息 */
struct threadpool_t {
    pthread_mutex_t lock;               /* 用于锁住本结构体 */
    pthread_mutex_t thread_counter;     /* 记录忙状态线程个数de琐 -- busy_thr_num */
    pthread_cond_t queue_not_full;      /* 当任务队列满时，添加任务的线程阻塞，等待此条件变量 */
    pthread_cond_t queue_not_empty;     /* 任务队列里不为空时，通知等待任务的线程 */

    pthread_t *threads;                 /* 存放线程池中每个线程的tid。数组 */
    pthread_t adjust_tid;               /* 存管理线程tid */
    threadpool_task_t *task_queue;      /* 任务队列 */

    int min_thr_num;                    /* 线程池最小线程数 */
    int max_thr_num;                    /* 线程池最大线程数 */
    int live_thr_num;                   /* 当前存活线程个数 */
    int busy_thr_num;                   /* 忙状态线程个数 */
    int wait_exit_thr_num;              /* 要销毁的线程个数 */

    int queue_front;                    /* task_queue队头下标 */
    int queue_rear;                     /* task_queue队尾下标 */
    int queue_size;                     /* task_queue队中实际任务数 */
    int queue_max_size;                 /* task_queue队列可容纳任务数上限 */

    int shutdown;                       /* 标志位，线程池使用状态，true或false */
};

/**
 * @function void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool)
 * @desc the worker thread
 * @param threadpool the pool which own the thread
 */
void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool);

/**
 * @function void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool);
 * @desc manager thread
 * @param threadpool the threadpool
 */
void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool);

/**
 * check a thread is alive
 */
int is_thread_alive(pthread_t tid);
int threadpool_free(threadpool_t *pool);

//创建线程池
threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size)
{
    int i;
    threadpool_t *pool = NULL;
    do {
        if((pool = (threadpool_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_t))) == NULL) {
            printf("malloc threadpool fail");
            break;/*跳出do while*/
        }

        pool->min_thr_num = min_thr_num;
        pool->max_thr_num = max_thr_num;
        pool->busy_thr_num = ;
        pool->live_thr_num = min_thr_num;               /* 活着的线程数 初值=最小线程数 */
        pool->queue_size = ;                           /* 有0个产品 */
        pool->queue_max_size = queue_max_size;
        pool->queue_front = ;
        pool->queue_rear = ;
        pool->shutdown = false;                         /* 不关闭线程池 */

        /* 根据最大线程上限数， 给工作线程数组开辟空间, 并清零 */
        pool->threads = (pthread_t *)malloc(sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num);
        if (pool->threads == NULL) {
            printf("malloc threads fail");
            break;
        }
        memset(pool->threads, , sizeof(pthread_t)*max_thr_num);

        /* 队列开辟空间 */
        pool->task_queue = (threadpool_task_t *)malloc(sizeof(threadpool_task_t)*queue_max_size);
        if (pool->task_queue == NULL) {
            printf("malloc task_queue fail");
            break;
        }

        /* 初始化互斥琐、条件变量 */
        if (pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->lock), NULL) !=
                || pthread_mutex_init(&(pool->thread_counter), NULL) !=
                || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_empty), NULL) !=
                || pthread_cond_init(&(pool->queue_not_full), NULL) != )
        {
            printf("init the lock or cond fail");
            break;
        }

        /* 启动 min_thr_num 个 work thread */
        for (i = ; i < min_thr_num; i++) {
            pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);/*pool指向当前线程池*/
            printf("start thread 0x%x...\n", (unsigned int)pool->threads[i]);
        }
        pthread_create(&(pool->adjust_tid), NULL, adjust_thread, (void *)pool);/* 启动管理者线程 */

        return pool;

    } while ();

    threadpool_free(pool);      /* 前面代码调用失败时，释放poll存储空间 */

    return NULL;
}

/* 向线程池中 添加一个任务 */
int threadpool_add(threadpool_t *pool, void*(*function)(void *arg), void *arg)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));

    /* ==为真，队列已经满， 调wait阻塞 */
    while ((pool->queue_size == pool->queue_max_size) && (!pool->shutdown)) {
        pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_full), &(pool->lock));
    }
    if (pool->shutdown) {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));
    }

    /* 清空 工作线程 调用的回调函数 的参数arg */
    if (pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg != NULL) {
        free(pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg);
        pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = NULL;
    }
    /*添加任务到任务队列里*/
    pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].function = function;
    pool->task_queue[pool->queue_rear].arg = arg;
    pool->queue_rear = (pool->queue_rear + ) % pool->queue_max_size;       /* 队尾指针移动, 模拟环形 */
    pool->queue_size++;

    /*添加完任务后，队列不为空，唤醒线程池中 等待处理任务的线程*/
    //生产者消费者模型
    pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));

    return ;
}

/* 线程池中各个工作线程 */
void *threadpool_thread(void *threadpool)
{
    threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool;
    threadpool_task_t task;

    while (true) {
        /* Lock must be taken to wait on conditional variable */
        /*刚创建出线程，等待任务队列里有任务，否则阻塞等待任务队列里有任务后再唤醒接收任务*/
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));

        /*queue_size == 0 说明没有任务，调 wait 阻塞在条件变量上, 若有任务，跳过该while*/
        while ((pool->queue_size == ) && (!pool->shutdown)) {
            printf("thread 0x%x is waiting\n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
            pthread_cond_wait(&(pool->queue_not_empty), &(pool->lock));

            /*清除指定数目的空闲线程，如果要结束的线程个数大于0，结束线程*/
            if (pool->wait_exit_thr_num > ) {
                pool->wait_exit_thr_num--;

                /*如果线程池里线程个数大于最小值时可以结束当前线程*/
                if (pool->live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) {
                    printf("thread 0x%x is exiting\n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
                    pool->live_thr_num--;
                    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));
                    pthread_exit(NULL);
                }
            }
        }

        /*如果指定了true，要关闭线程池里的每个线程，自行退出处理*/
        if (pool->shutdown) {
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));
            printf("thread 0x%x is exiting\n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
            pthread_exit(NULL);     /* 线程自行结束 */
        }

        /*从任务队列里获取任务, 是一个出队操作*/
        task.function = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].function;
        task.arg = pool->task_queue[pool->queue_front].arg;

        pool->queue_front = (pool->queue_front + ) % pool->queue_max_size;       /* 出队，模拟环形队列 */
        pool->queue_size--;

        /*通知可以有新的任务添加进来*/
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_full));

        /*任务取出后，立即将 线程池琐 释放*/
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));

        /*执行任务*/
        printf("thread 0x%x start working\n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter));                            /*忙状态线程数变量琐*/
        pool->busy_thr_num++;                                                   /*忙状态线程数+1*/
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter));
        (*(task.function))(task.arg);                                           /*执行回调函数任务*/
        //task.function(task.arg);                                              /*执行回调函数任务*/

        /*任务结束处理*/
        printf("thread 0x%x end working\n", (unsigned int)pthread_self());
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter));
        pool->busy_thr_num--;                                       /*处理掉一个任务，忙状态数线程数-1*/
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter));
    }

    pthread_exit(NULL);
}

/* 管理线程 */
void *adjust_thread(void *threadpool)
{
    int i;
    threadpool_t *pool = (threadpool_t *)threadpool;
    while (!pool->shutdown) {

        sleep(DEFAULT_TIME);                                    /*定时 对线程池管理*/

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));
        int queue_size = pool->queue_size;                      /* 关注 任务数 */
        int live_thr_num = pool->live_thr_num;                  /* 存活 线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));

        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter));
        int busy_thr_num = pool->busy_thr_num;                  /* 忙着的线程数 */
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter));

        /* 创建新线程 算法： 任务数大于最小线程池个数, 且存活的线程数少于最大线程个数时 如：30>=10 && 40<100*/
        if (queue_size >= MIN_WAIT_TASK_NUM && live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num) {
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));
            int add = ;

            /*一次增加 DEFAULT_THREAD 个线程*/
            for (i = ; i < pool->max_thr_num && add < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY
                    && pool->live_thr_num < pool->max_thr_num; i++) {
                if (pool->threads[i] ==  || !is_thread_alive(pool->threads[i])) {
                    pthread_create(&(pool->threads[i]), NULL, threadpool_thread, (void *)pool);
                    add++;
                    pool->live_thr_num++;
                }
            }

            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));
        }

        /* 销毁多余的空闲线程 算法：忙线程X2 小于 存活的线程数 且 存活的线程数 大于 最小线程数时*/
        if ((busy_thr_num * ) < live_thr_num  &&  live_thr_num > pool->min_thr_num) {

            /* 一次销毁DEFAULT_THREAD个线程, 隨機10個即可 */
            pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));
            pool->wait_exit_thr_num = DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY;      /* 要销毁的线程数 设置为10 */
            pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));

            for (i = ; i < DEFAULT_THREAD_VARY; i++) {
                /* 通知处在空闲状态的线程, 他们会自行终止*/
                pthread_cond_signal(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
            }
        }
    }

    return NULL;
}

//销毁线程：先销毁管理线程，防止添加任务等情况
int threadpool_destroy(threadpool_t *pool)
{
    int i;
    if (pool == NULL) {
        return -;
    }
    pool->shutdown = true;

    /*先销毁管理线程*/
    pthread_join(pool->adjust_tid, NULL);

    for (i = ; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) {
        /*通知所有的空闲线程*/
        pthread_cond_broadcast(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
    }
    for (i = ; i < pool->live_thr_num; i++) {
        pthread_join(pool->threads[i], NULL);
    }
    threadpool_free(pool);

    return ;
}

int threadpool_free(threadpool_t *pool)
{
    if (pool == NULL) {
        return -;
    }

    if (pool->task_queue) {
        free(pool->task_queue);
    }
    if (pool->threads) {
        free(pool->threads);
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->lock));
        pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter));
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&(pool->thread_counter));
        pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_empty));
        pthread_cond_destroy(&(pool->queue_not_full));
    }
    free(pool);
    pool = NULL;

    return ;
}

int threadpool_all_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool)
{
    int all_threadnum = -;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->lock));
    all_threadnum = pool->live_thr_num;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->lock));
    return all_threadnum;
}

int threadpool_busy_threadnum(threadpool_t *pool)
{
    int busy_threadnum = -;
    pthread_mutex_lock(&(pool->thread_counter));
    busy_threadnum = pool->busy_thr_num;
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&(pool->thread_counter));
    return busy_threadnum;
}

int is_thread_alive(pthread_t tid)
{
    int kill_rc = pthread_kill(tid, );     //发0号信号，测试线程是否存活
    if (kill_rc == ESRCH) {
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

/*测试*/ 

#if 1
/* 线程池中的线程，模拟处理业务 */
void *process(void *arg)
{
    printf("thread 0x%x working on task %d\n ",(unsigned int)pthread_self(),*(int *)arg);
    sleep();
    printf("task %d is end\n",*(int *)arg);

    return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
    /*threadpool_t *threadpool_create(int min_thr_num, int max_thr_num, int queue_max_size);*/

    threadpool_t *thp = threadpool_create(,,);/*创建线程池，池里最小3个线程，最大100，队列最大100*/
    printf("pool inited");

    //int *num = (int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*20);
    int num[], i;
    for (i = ; i < ; i++) {
        num[i]=i;
        printf("add task %d\n",i);
        threadpool_add(thp, process, (void*)&num[i]);     /* 向线程池中添加任务 */
    }
    sleep();                                          /* 等子线程完成任务 */
    threadpool_destroy(thp);

    return ;
}

#endif