AtCoder Beginner Contest 139 Task F Engines

题目大意

给定 $n$ 个二维向量,从中选出若干个,使得它们的和的模最大。

分析

这是一个经典问题,还有一种提法是:

给定 $n$ 个二维向量 $v_1, v_2, \dots, v_n$,求一组系数 $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$($0 \le a_i \le 1$)使得 $\sum_{i = 1}^{n} a_i v_i$ 的模最大。
容易证明:对于最优解,$a_i$ 要么是 1 要么是 0;于是归约到选择一个最优子集的问题。

可以证明,最优解满足下列两个性质:

  • The set of vectors in an optimal solution using a minimal number of vectors must all lie in an open half-plane. 包含向量数目最少的最优解中,所有向量都在一个的半平面中

如果加上「所选的向量都在一个的半平面中」这个限制,我们立即可以推论出,若先把所有向量按极角排序,则所选的那些向量必定是其中连续的一段。换言之,

  • 对于包含向量数目最少的最优解,其中的向量按极角排序后是连续的一段。The vectors in the optimal solution using a minimal number of vectors are contiguous when ordered according to angle circularly.

References

https://math.stackexchange.com/q/730611/538611

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