Django的url使用方法

利用Django开发站点。能够设计出很优美的url规则，假设url的匹配规则（包括正則表達式）组织得比較好，view的结构就会比較清晰。比較easy维护。

最简单的形式

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)

当中，正則表達式中组匹配出来的结果能够作为positional parameters传递给view.

假设url是www.yourdomain/articles/2005/，则会匹配第二条规则，运行news.views.year_archive('2005').

注意点

• 域名部分会被过滤掉
• articles的前面不须要加入/，由于前序url的末尾一定会有/
• 不论什么组匹配的变量，都会议字符串的形式传递给view, 尽管通过(\d{4})匹配出了2005，但2005任然会被当做字符串传递给year_archive

利用named group来传递參数

能够通过下面形式为特定的组指定一个名称.

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^articles/2003/$', 'news.views.special_case_2003'),
    url(r'^articles/(?

P<year>\d{4})/$', 'news.views.year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(?

P<year>\d{4})/(?

P<month>\d{2})/(?P<day>\d{2})/$', 'news.views.article_detail'),
)

这种话，组的匹配结果会通过keyword parameters的形式传递给view.比如year_archive(year='2005')





利用named group能够为view指定一个默认參数来匹配多条规则。

# URLconf
from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^blog/$', 'blog.views.page'),
    url(r'^blog/page(?P<num>\d+)/$', 'blog.views.page'),
)

# View (in blog/views.py)
def page(request, num="1"):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.

指定view前缀(提取公因式)

patterns函数的第一个參数即是view的前缀

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('news.views',
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/$', 'year_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/$', 'month_archive'),
    url(r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d+)/$', 'article_detail'),
)

指定多个view前缀

urlpatterns = patterns('myapp.views',
    url(r'^$', 'app_index'),
    url(r'^(?

P<year>\d{4})/(?

P<month>[a-z]{3})/$','month_display'),
)
urlpatterns += patterns('weblog.views',
    url(r'^tag/(?P<tag>\w+)/$', 'tag'),
)

include其他匹配模块

from django.conf.urls import include, patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ... snip ...
    url(r'^comments/', include('django.contrib.comments.urls')),
    url(r'^community/', include('django_website.aggregator.urls')),
    url(r'^contact/', include('django_website.contact.urls')),
    # ... snip ...
)

当然也能够直接include其他patterns

from django.conf.urls import include, patterns, url

extra_patterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^reports/(?P<id>\d+)/$', 'credit.views.report'),
    url(r'^charge/$', 'credit.views.charge'),
)

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^$', 'apps.main.views.homepage'),
    url(r'^help/', include('apps.help.urls')),
    url(r'^credit/', include(extra_patterns)),
)

为view函数传递额外參数

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

urlpatterns = patterns('blog.views',
    url(r'^blog/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', 'year_archive', {'foo': 'bar'}),
)

直接使用view函数

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url
from mysite.views import archive, about, contact

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^archive/$', archive),
    url(r'^about/$', about),
    url(r'^contact/$', contact),
)

须要继续研究：Reverse resolution of URLs

參考文献：URL dispatcher